2015 Republican Liberty Caucus straw poll

In 2015, the Center for Election Science (CES) handled the Republican Liberty Caucus straw poll, using three different voting methods: Plurality voting, Approval voting, Score voting (0-5). There were 779 voters and all voters used all three voting methods. The Republican Liberty Caucus chose the Approval voting results as the official results.

Results
There were 16 candidates on the ballot, with 2 slots for write-ins. (Write-ins are shown in italics in the chart below.)

Under all three voting systems, Rand Paul was the winner, with Ted Cruz in second place. Under Plurality, satirical write-in candidate Gil Fulbright came in third, but he was much lower in the Approval and Score rankings.

Several of the candidates who got low scores in the Plurality election received significantly higher scores in the Approval and Score elections.

One voter wrote-in Hillary Clinton, with a score of zero, putting her in last place under all voting systems.

Raw score totals:

Analysis
The raw ballots were published by CES, making it possible to analyze voter behavior.

Every voter approved of at least one candidate, though 3 (0.4%) did not vote in the plurality election, and 10 (1.3%) did not score any candidate.

Approval election

 * There were 1.8 approvals per ballot on average, with a maximum of 14 on one ballot.
 * 70% of voters bullet-voted for only one candidate

Score election
The most common behavior was to bullet-vote for only one candidate, leaving the rest blank, while the second most common behavior was to score every candidate on the ballot (not including write-ins):

Explicit scores were distributed somewhat evenly, but blanks dominated the distribution, especially when blanks for write-ins (which are inevitable) are included:


 * 44% of voters bullet-voted for only candidate
 * 26% of voters rated all 16 candidates on the ballot
 * 39% of voters explicitly used the full range of scores available
 * 4% of voters explicitly min/max voted (Approval-style votes, where all candidates get either maximum or minimum scores).
 * 50% of voters implicitly min/max voted (giving maximum scores to one or more candidates and leaving the rest blank)