Baldwin's method: Difference between revisions

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It was systematized by Joseph M. Baldwin<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Baldwin|first=J. M.|date=1926|title=The technique of the Nanson preferential majority system of election|url=https://archive.org/details/proceedingsroyaxxxvroyaa/page/42|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria|volume=39|pages=42–52|via=}}</ref> in 1926, who incorporated [[Condorcet method|a more efficient matrix tabulation]],<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Hogben|first=G.|date=1913|title=Preferential Voting in Single-member Constituencies, with Special Reference to the Counting of Votes|url=http://rsnz.natlib.govt.nz/volume/rsnz_46/rsnz_46_00_005780.html|journal=Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New Zealand|series=|volume=46|issue=|pages=304–308|via=}}</ref> extending it to support incomplete ballots and equal rankings.

 

This system was re-invented in 2022 under the name '''Total Vote Runoff''', by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_B._Foley Edward B. Foley] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Maskin Eric Maskin], and proposed for use in the United States as a way to fix problems with the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instant-runoff_voting instant-runoff method] in US jurisdictions that use it, ensuring majority support of the winner and electing more broadly-acceptable candidates.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Foley|first=Edward B.|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2022/11/01/alaska-final-four-primary-begich-palin-peltola/|title=Alaska’s ranked-choice voting is flawed. But there’s an easy fix.|date=November 1, 2022|work=Washington Post|access-date=2022-11-09|last2=Maskin|first2=Eric S.|language=en-US|issn=0190-8286|quote=the way Alaska uses ranked-choice voting also caused the defeat of Begich, whom most Alaska voters preferred to Democrat Mary Peltola … A candidate popular only with the party’s base would be eliminated early in a Total Vote Runoff, leaving a more broadly popular Republican to compete against a Democrat.|author-link=Edward B. Foley|author-link2=Eric Maskin}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Foley|first=Edward B.|date=2023-01-18|title=Total Vote Runoff: A Majority-Maximizing Form of Ranked Choice Voting|url=https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=4328946|language=en|location=Rochester, NY}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://electionlawblog.org/?p=132792|title=“Total Vote Runoff” tweak to Ranked Choice Voting|last=Foley|first=Ned|author-link=Edward B. Foley|date=November 1, 2022|website=Election Law Blog|language=en-US|access-date=2022-11-09|quote=a small but significant adjustment to the “instant runoff” method … equivalent to a candidate’s Borda score, and eliminating sequentially the candidate with the lowest total votes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://electionlawblog.org/?p=132963|title=An Additional Detail about “Total Vote Runoff”|last=Foley|first=Ned|author-link=Edward B. Foley|date=November 8, 2022|website=Election Law Blog|language=en-US|access-date=2022-11-09|quote=Begich and Peltola each get half a vote by being tied for second place on this ballot}}</ref>