Geographic Open List/Delegated (GOLD) voting: Difference between revisions
Geographic Open List/Delegated (GOLD) voting (view source)
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'''NOTE: this method is largely superceded by [[PLACE voting]], a similar but simpler method which lacks the "open list" aspect.'''
Geographic Open List/Delegated voting (GOLD voting) is a proportional voting method for electing legislators to a multi-seat body. Its main advantages are: simple ballots, minimal wasted votes, and "do no harm" (that is, it doesn't change FPTP outcomes unless they're non-proportional).
It assumes the voters have been divided up into one equal-population riding (aka
Here are the rules. Items in italics are mere explanations or justifications; the rules themselves are only the non-italic portions.
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# '''Choose a transfer method''' for when your first choice is no longer in the running. There are 2 basic options:
#* '''Open list''': Trust the '''voters''' of your chosen candidate’s party.
#::* If your first choice is no longer in the running, your vote is
#::* This is the default if you vote for a local, non-independent candidate.
#::* This option is also called "partisan" transfer.
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#::* ''If you choose this option, your vote will never be transferred out of the party. Since independent candidates are considered to each be in a party by themselves, voters for those candidates should only choose this option if they do not want their vote to be transferred.''
#* '''Delegated''': Trust the '''candidate''' (that is, the pre-declared preferences of your chosen candidate.)
#::* Each candidate must publicly pre-declare
#::* There are 6 rating levels: "endorsed", "accepted", or "rejected" for same-party candidates, then those same 3 levels for other-party candidates. To help discourage "funnel candidates" who exist only to give votes to one other candidate, there must be at least 2 candidates at each rating level that's used at all.
#::* ''This is the default if you vote for a non-local and/or independent candidate.''
#::* ''If a voter mistakenly marks both transfer methods, the default applies (as if they had chosen neither).''
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#* Each ballot counts as 1 point for the chosen candidate.
# Eliminate candidates without enough support in their riding.
#*
#** First place locally:
#** Second place locally and more than half of first:
#**
#** First place semi-locally: They have more total (local and non-local) votes than any other local candidate, and at least half as many local votes as any other local candidate.
#* If a candidate was kept due to being first or second place, or part of the top 50%, using votes from a
▲#** Keep at least 50%: The local votes for candidates who have more than them add up to less than 50% of all the local votes. (This applies if it's true for any district, not just their home one).
▲#* If a candidate was kept due to being first or second place, or part of the top 50%, using votes from a district where they weren't originally running, from this point on they are considered to be running in that district.
#* ''This makes sure that no riding is badly mis-represented just because a given party "deserves" more winners.''
#* ''It also helps discourage voters from splintering into small single-issue parties. If a party can’t pass this threshold in even one riding, it won’t get seats. But those votes can still be transferred, so those voters can still be represented by a relatively sympathetic candidate from a slightly larger party.''
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#* Any candidate with a full quota of votes at any time is elected. If their winning vote total is W>Q, then the leftover fraction (W-Q)/W of all of their votes is transferred.
#* Whenever a candidate wins, all other candidates from their riding are eliminated.
#* In the rare case that several candidates from separate
# Eliminate the candidate who's furthest behind in their riding and transfer votes
#* ''If a candidate's current full tally is 1000 votes (including local votes, direct write-ins, and transferred votes), and the top full tally of any remaining candidate in their riding is 2000, then they are 1000 behind in their riding.''
#* ''If a candidate passed pre-elimination in multiple ridings, use the riding without a winner yet in which they're behind by the least.''
#* ''This rule means that the last remaining candidate in a riding is not eligible for elimination.''
#* See above for the transfer methods a voter can choose.
# If there are still seats to fill, repeat from step 3.
Once all winners are chosen, each winning party is responsible for assigning each
== Proportional or semiproportional? ==
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* Equality: partisan gerrymandering is impossible, and each party gets its fair share of seats.
* Representation: Almost all voters are truly represented; even if you are a minority in your
This method also keeps all the strong points of the current voting system. (The current system is horrible in general, but it still has its strong points.)
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== Technical note: codes for "write-in" (non-local) candidates ==
One good way to allow "write-ins" of any non-local candidate would be for each candidate to have a unique
Using such a mechanism, a voter could simply "write in" a party but not a specific candidate. This would be considered as a vote for an eliminated candidate for that party, using "partisan" transfer.
[[Category:Proportional voting methods]]
[[Category:Delegated voting methods]]
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