Majority criterion: Difference between revisions
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{{wikipedia|Majority criterion}}
The '''majority criterion''' is a criterion for evaluating [[voting system]]s. It can be most simply thought of as "if a majority prefers a candidate as their unique 1st choice (i.e. they prefer this candidate above all other candidates), then the majority's 1st choice must win."
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== Complying methods ==
Practically every serious ranked voting method passes the majority criterion, with the notable exception of [[Borda]].
== Related forms of the criterion ==
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=== Weaker forms of the criterion ===
The [[informed majority coalition criterion]] is a weaker form of the majority criterion that only requires that a majority be able to force their first choice to win by coordinating and voting strategically. Most [[rated method]]s pass this criterion.
Note that it is not always the case that the majority will have the ability to safely vote strategically if they're unsure how the other voters are going to vote, or they don't agree on a common best candidate.
==== Majority criterion for rated ballots ====
There are some Cardinal systems which are designed to fulfil Majoritarianism not Utilitarianism. The majority criterion for rated ballots is a weaker, separate criterion which says that a candidate given a perfect (maximal) rating by a majority of voters must win if no other candidate received a perfect rating from that majority.
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== Majority rule as an approximation of utilitarianism ==
It is important to emphasize that majoritarianism and cardinal [[utilitarianism]] are not opposing principles. Majoritarianism can be understood as an approximation of utilitarian principles under certain conservative assumptions.
Within a theoretical framework using strictly ranked preferences (ordinal utilities), as in many models in modern neoclassical economics, all one can hope to achieve from a collection of social preferences is what is referred to as a ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pareto_efficiency Pareto equilibrium]'': a situation where no individual can be better off without making at least one individual worse off. This concept is used, for example, to establish the Pareto equilibrium within free markets and their usage of available resources. For a given set of individual preferences many such Pareto equilibria may exist, forming what it is called a ''Pareto frontier''.
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[[Category:Voting theory]]
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