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==Advocacy==
Proportional representation is unfamiliar to many citizens of the United States. The dominant system in former British colonies was [[Single Member Plurality|single member district plurality (SMDPSMP)]], but [[Mixed-member proportional|mixed-member proportional representation (MMP)]] and [[Single transferable vote|single transferable vote (STV)]] replaced it in a number of such places.
Systems designed to have high levels of Proportional representation doesdo have some history in the United States. Many cities, including New York, once used itsuch systems for their city councils as a way to break up the Democratic Party monopolies on elective office. In Cincinnati, Ohio, proportionala representationsystem was adopted in 1925 to get rid of a Republican party machinedominance (thebut Republicanswas successfully overturned proportional representation in 1957).
Some electoral systems incorporate additional featuresconstraints on winner selection to ensure morequotas explicitlybased proportional representation,on based on gender or minority status (like ethnicity). Note that features such as this are not strictlytypically requiredassociated forwith a"proportional systemrepresentation" although the goal of such systems is to beensure calledthat "proportionalelected member representation". is proportional to such population percentages. Many proportional representation advocates argue that, given their preferred system, voters will already be justly represented without these demographic rules (andsince usuallythe inparticular aimmutable demographicallycharacteristics proportionalare manner)independent of partisan allegiance, ideology or ability as a politician.
==Non-Partisan Definitions==
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