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{{Wikipedia}}
 
In [[voting system]]s, '''tactical voting''' (or '''strategic voting''') occurs when a voter misrepresents his or her ''sincere preferences'' in order to gain a more favorable outcome. Any minimally useful voting system has some form of tactical voting. However, the type of tactical voting and the extent to which it affects the timbre of the campaign and the results of the election vary dramatically from one voting system to another.
 
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== Pre-election influence ==
 
Because tactical voting relies heavily on votervoters's perception of how other voters intend to vote, campaigns in electoral systems that promote compromise frequently focus on affecting votervoters's perception of campaign viability. Most campaigns craft refined media strategies to shape the way voters see their candidacy. During this phase, there can be an analogous effect where campaign donors and activists may decide whether or not to support candidates tactically with their money and labor.
 
In [[rolling election]]s, or [[runoff voting|runoff votes]], where some voters have information about previous voters' preferences (e.g. presidential [[primary election|primaries]] in the [[United States]], [[France|French]] presidential elections), candidates put disproportionate resources into competing strongly in the first few stages, because those stages affect the reaction of latter stages.
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