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Araucaria

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The etymology of my username is explained on my [http://www.metafilter.com Metafilter] [http://www.metafilter.com/user/23101 User Profile].
 
As of 2005, my favorite Condorcet completion method was [[Definite Majority Choice]]. In the interest of expediency, I would favor some kind of transition as follows:
* First Choice plus [[Approval voting|Approval]]: Single First Choice vote, plus [[Approval voting|Approval]] of any number of other candidates. The First Choice is also approved. If no candidate wins >50% of the First Choice votes, elect candidate with highest approval.
* First Choice plus [[Range voting]]. Single First Choice as above, plus a score of 0 to 99 can be given to any number of other candidates. Same fallback as above, except cumulative ratings score is used instead of total approval votes.
 
Once a [[Ratings ballot]] is used, the scores could be tabulated (inferring candidate rankings from their ratings) and reported with 5 different methods for comparison: Top First Choice, [[Range voting]], [[Schulze]], [[Definite Majority Choice]], or [[Cardinal pairwise]] using [[River]].
 
With familiarity, it would eventually be possible to transition to a more robust voting system. In the case of no candidate winning a majority of the First Choice votes, we could select from one of the other four robust methods at random to introduce unpredictability (thus avoiding [[Arrow's impossibility theorem|Arrow's paradox]]). Since all four methods have similar sincere voting strategies but different strategies in the case of cycles, it would give an incentive to vote by sincere preference instead of trying to game the system.
 
I would prefer to avoid primary elections. However, they may continue to be required during a transition period. If that is the case, I would recommend using
* First Choice plus Approval. As above. Narrow field to at least 2 candidates, comprising the candidate with highest First Choice totals (single vote winner), most-approved, and second-highest approved, plus any other candidates with higher approval than the Single-Vote winner. The main advantage of this is simplicity, plus it would be a marked improvement of the Top-Two Louisiana-style primary using Single Vote --- voters would be assured that a good selection of alternative candidates would face the Single-vote winner in the general election.
* First Choice plus [[Range voting]]. As above. Narrow field to at least 2 candidates, who would include the Single Vote winner, cumulative ratings winner, second-highest cumulative ratings, plus any other candidate with a pairwise [[Beatpath|beatpath]] to the cumulative ratings winner. The improvement here over First Choice plus Approval would be that the entire [[Smith set]] (plus first- and second-place range voting winners) would be included in the slate of candidates going to the general election.
 
It is important that we not be confused by the false choice that there are only two viewpoints on any issue. This is why it is important that there to be enough candidates in the general election to challenge common wisdom, talking points and the implicit agreement in the two-party duopoly to avoid discussing issues that actually affect us.
 
Instead of our current ([[First Past the Post electoral system|Single vote]]) system, I would prefer a voting method that does not force one to vote for a compromise based on assumptions of what other voters would do.
You can contact me at ''araucaria dot araucana at gmail dot com''.
 
== Election Reform Priorities ==
My highly opinionated views on what can be done to improve the US form of government:
 
=== Trust in the process ===
Before anything else, we need to trust the mechanics of voting:
* [http://www.votehere.net/NYTimes-DidYourVoteCount.pdf Did your vote count?]
* [http://www.siam.org/siamnews/03-04/e-voting.htm What's so special about voting?]
* [http://www.siam.org/siamnews/04-04/voting.pdf Trustworthy Cryptographic Voting Systems]
* [http://www.spectrum.ieee.org/WEBONLY/publicfeature/oct02/evot.html Trust but Verify]. Use a machine to enter the ballot, but print it out in a form that is readable by both humans and machines. Count the paper ballots only. This lets people enter their vote by hand if they need to, in the event of machine malfunction, ink running out, etc.
* In my personal opinion, the voting period should be longer than 7 AM to 8 PM. Let it be 2, 3 or even 7 days. And ballot verification should be available online.
=== Redistricting reform ===
Redistricting is too entwined with partisan politics. By federal law, states should be required to enact non-partisan restricting reform along the lines of [http://www.centrists.org/pages/2004/07/7_buck_trust.html Iowa's successful law]. In a nutshell:
* First, after the census, the state sets up a 5 person redistricting commission. The Democrats and Republicans choose two members each. These four then choose a fifth non-partisan member who serves as the chairperson. By law the fifth member cannot be a holder of any political party office and cannot be a relative or employee of any member of the legislature.
* This five member commission then sets about redrawing the districts using several legal guidelines. Among these are:
** Population - The districts must be as equal in population as possible.
** Respect for political subdivisions - for example county lines.
** Contiguousness - The district must be contiguous. Iowa law says that any area that meets only at the points of the corners is not contiguous.
** Compactness - This is the relative "squareness" of the district. As much as the other factors will allow, the district must be as compact as possible. This gets rid of those oddly shaped districts seen in other states.
** Political and racial neutrality - The Iowa Code states that districts shall not be drawn to favor any political party, an incumbent legislator or member of Congress, or any other person or group. The district also cannot be drawn for the purpose of augmenting or diluting the voting strength of a language or racial minority group.
* To insure compliance with number 5 above, Iowa law prohibits use of the following data:
** Addresses of incumbents
** Political affiliation of registered voters
** Previous election results
** Any demographic data other than population headcounts.
=== Transparency and efficiency of legislative process ===
The current US legislative process moves at the same leisurely pace it did in the mid-19th century.
* Riders are attached with no warning and bills are not always voted on by all members.
* There is no reliable way to determine accountability. This harkens back to the days of "smoke-filled rooms".
* Career politicians are relying on lobbyists to write legislation.
* The only way to debate is on the floor of the House.
We need a method of legislation that would works quickly and transparently, whatever the size of the legislative body, be it 50, 500 or 50000. The rules need to be open and non-partisan. And the system of making those rules needs to be protected by checks and balances.
 
One way to streamline legislation would be to compress the highly inefficient technique of Robert's Rules of Order, which reduces every decision to a series of Yea/Nay votes. A strong [[Condorcet method]] could be used to resolve the preference between many options at the same time.
=== Better Representation ===
==== The House of Representatives is not representative ====
The US House of Representatives has been frozen at 435 members for nearly 100 years. That's one member for every 640,000 people. The Founders originally thought there would be one member for every [http://www.thirty-thousand.org 30 to 50 thousand] people. The number of representatives should be [http://www.prb.org/Content/NavigationMenu/PT_articles/Growth_in_U_S__Population_Calls_for_Larger_House_of_Representatives.htm increased to at least 600]. This would also decrease the over-representation of small states and under-representation of large states in the Electoral College.
==== Proportional Representation ====
Local representation is best implemented using [[Proportional_representation|Proportional]] or [http://www.fairvote.org/pr/ Full Representation], with at least 5 members per district. The best way to do this is with [[Single_transferable_vote]] (STV).
=== A better single-winner [[Voting system]] ===
Proportional Representation (PR) proponents tend to think that if STV is good for multi-winner elections, it will be good for single-winner elections also, in the form known as [[Instant-runoff_voting|Instant Runoff Voting (IRV)]]. But [[Instant-runoff_voting#Flaws_of_IRV|it isn't]]. That's because STV is very good at ensuring representation of a wide variety of different viewpoints but isn't so good at aggregating many different viewpoints into a single compromise.
 
I currently favor methods that satisfy the [[Favorite betrayal criterion]], such as [[Approval voting]], [[Relevant rating]], [[Majority judgment]] or [[IBIFA]]. I would also be interested in a Condorcet-style method that satisfies or comes close to satisfying the [[Later-no-help criterion]] in order to discourage burying.
The best [[voting system]] for single-winner elections (e.g. senator, governor, president) is [[Condorcet method|Condorcet]], also known as Instant Round Robin or Pairwise Voting. It uses a ranked ballot, just like IRV, but is counted differently.
* Unlike IRV, it doesn't require recounting ballots after each elimination.
* Unlike IRV, all ranked preferences are accounted for, not just those for the eliminated candidates.
 
I am interested in [[Proportional Representation]] methods that do not use [[Single Transferable Vote]].
=== See also ===
* [http://accuratedemocracy.com/voting_rules.htm AccurateDemocracy.com]
* [http://radicalcentrism.org/reengineer_legislature.html An imagined conversation between James Madison and Arnold Schwarzeneggar]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Wisdom_of_Crowds The Wisdom of Crowds]. Under what circumstances can a group make the best decision?
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