Vote splitting: Difference between revisions
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{{Wikipedia}}
A '''split vote''', or '''vote
== [[Single-mark ballot]] ==
The biggest issue with a single-mark
A standard example of
== [[Preferential voting | Ordinal Ballot]] ==
The major advantage of such a system is to eliminate the standard forms of vote splitting which are present in [[Single-mark ballot]] systems. This effectively eliminates issues
Unfortunately, it can be proven mathematically that ranked ballots cannot produce a communal preference without serious issues. There are no non-dictatorial rank voting systems that satisfy both [[Pareto Criterion]] and [[Independence of irrelevant alternatives]] in a way that can produce such a communal preference. This is known as [[Arrow's impossibility theorem]] and states that when voters have three or more candidates, no ranked voting electoral system can convert the ranked preferences of individuals into a community-wide (complete and transitive) ranking while also meeting [[Pareto Criterion]] and [[Independence of irrelevant alternatives]].{{redundant}} Both [[Pareto Criterion]] and [[Independence of irrelevant alternatives]] are well
== [[Cardinal voting systems | Cardinal Ballots]] ==
Cardinal voting systems do not have vote splitting. However, some [[Multi-Member System]] can still fail criteria related to [[Vote splitting]] such as [[Independence of irrelevant alternatives]]
== Relation to [[Proportional Representation]] ==
Vote splitting is often conflated with [[Proportional Representation]] but they are completely distinct concepts. Vote splitting is related to strategic or expression issues at the time of filling out a ballot by a voter. [[Proportional Representation]] is a measure of the outcome of an election. The relationship is that vote splitting is a major cause of
Another confusing point is that [[Proportional Representation]] is most clearly defined for [[Single-mark ballot]]s but [[Single-mark ballot]]s have the largest problem with vote splitting. When one wants to move to a system without vote splitting to improve [[Proportional Representation]] a problem is encountered
== Examples ==
In the United States, a famous example of a split vote occurred in the 2000 U.S. Presidential Election when Green Party candidate Ralph Nader attracted voters who might otherwise have voted for Democratic Party candidate Al Gore because of the similar
In Canada, the Progressive Conservative Party had held power under Brian Mulroney throughout much of the late 80's thanks to a loose coalition of conservative voters in the western provinces and nationalist voters in Quebec. The coalition collapsed, though, and in the 1993 election the right
In modern
==See also==
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* [[Spoiler effect]]
* [[Independence of irrelevant alternatives]]
* [[Independence of clone alternatives]]
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