Authoritarianism: Difference between revisions

'''Authoritarianism''' is a [[Category:Forms of government|form of government]] characterized by an emphasis on hierarchy<ref name="Kemmelmeier Burnstein Krumov Genkova 2003 pp. 304–322">{{cite journal | last=Kemmelmeier | first=Markus | last2=Burnstein | first2=Eugene | last3=Krumov | first3=Krum | last4=Genkova | first4=Petia | last5=Kanagawa | first5=Chie | last6=Hirshberg | first6=Matthew S. | last7=Erb | first7=Hans-Peter | last8=Wieczorkowska | first8=Grazyna | last9=Noels | first9=Kimberly A. | title=Individualism, Collectivism, and Authoritarianism in Seven Societies | journal=Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology | publisher=SAGE Publications | volume=34 | issue=3 | year=2003 | issn=0022-0221 | doi=10.1177/0022022103034003005 | pages=304–322|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/240277646_Individualism_Collectivism_and_Authoritarianism_in_Seven_Societies}}</ref> and the rejection of [[Liberalism]]liberty, Individualismequality, and [[Plurality|political plurality]]. The use of a strong central authority, reductions in the rule of law, separation of powers, and democratic voting<ref name=Cerutti>{{cite book|title=Conceptualizing Politics: An Introduction to Political Philosophy|author=Furio Cerutti|page=17|year=2017|publisher=Routledge|quote=Political scientists have outlined elaborated typologies of authoritarianism, from which it is not easy to draw a generally accepted definition; it seems that its main features are the non-acceptance of conflict and plurality as normal elements of politics, the will to preserve the status quo and prevent change by keeping all political dynamics under close control by a strong central power, and lastly, the erosion of the rule of law, the division of powers, and democratic voting procedures.}}</ref> are required to preserve this political status. Political scientists have created many typologies describing variations of authoritarian forms of government.<ref name=Cerutti/> Authoritarian regimes may be either [[autocratic]] or [[oligarchic]] in nature and may be based upon the rule of a [[political party|party]] or the military.<ref name=EscrowFrantz>{{cite book|publisher=[[Continuum International Publishing Group|Continuum]]|author=Natasha M. Ezrow & Erica Frantz|year=2011|title=Dictators and Dictatorships: Understanding Authoritarian Regimes and Their Leaders|page=17}}</ref><ref name=LaiSlater>{{cite journal|last1=Lai|first1=Brian|last2=Slater|first2=Dan|title=Institutions of the Offensive: Domestic Sources of Dispute Initiation in Authoritarian Regimes, 1950-1992|journal=American Journal of Political Science|pages=113–126|date=2006|volume=50|issue=1|jstor=3694260|doi=10.1111/j.1540-5907.2006.00173.x}}</ref>