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Some countries, like Israel, fill their entire parliament using a single multiple-winner district ([[constituency]]), while others, like Ireland or Belgium, break up their national elections into smaller, multiple-winner districts, and yet others, like the United States or the United Kingdom, hold only single-winner elections. Some systems, like the [[Additional member system]], embed smaller districts within larger ones.
=== Party-list systems ===
In [[party-list proportional representation]] systems, candidates can be aligned with, or nominated by, parties, and the party's list of candidates plays a functional role within the system. These parties may in turn be aligned with other parties, to form [[coalition]]s, which can play roles beyond those played by the party. These systems are designed to ensure [[proportional representation]], the idea that the candidates selected from a given party (or, in non-party-list systems, informal grouping) should be in proportion to the votes cast for that party. Some of these systems, however, have [[election threshold]]s--minimum numbers of votes cast for a party to win any seats. The purpose of an election threshold is generally to keep very small parties from participating in a parliament, in order to maintain stability of governments.
=== None of the above option===
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