Favorite betrayal criterion: Difference between revisions

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{{wikipedia|Draft:Favorite betrayal criterion}}
The '''favorite betrayal criterion''' or(sometimes called '''sincere favorite criterion''') is a [[voting system criterion]] which requires that "voters should have no incentive to vote someone else over their favorite".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://rangevoting.org/FBCsurvey.html|title=Survey of FBC (Favorite-Betrayal Criterion)|last=Ossipoff|first=Mike|last2=Smith|first2=Warren D.|date=Jan 2007|website=Center for Range Voting|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-04-08}}</ref> Voting systems failing the criterion are vulnerable to a kind of strategy called '''decapitation''', i.e. removing the top ("head") of a ballot.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Merrill|first=Samuel|last2=Nagel|first2=Jack|date=1987-06-01|title=The Effect of Approval Balloting on Strategic Voting under Alternative Decision Rules|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0003055400194481/type/journal_article|journal=American Political Science Review|language=en|volume=81|issue=2|pages=509–524|doi=10.2307/1961964|issn=0003-0554}}</ref>
 
It is passed by [[Approval voting]], [[Range voting]], and [[Majority Judgment]]. All these are examples of [[cardinal voting systems]], though some voters may be reluctant to have a compromise candidate tied with their favorite candidate on their respective ballots.
 
On the other hand, most [[Ranked voting systems|ordinal voting systems]] do not pass this criterion. For instance, [[Borda Count]], [[Copeland's method]], [[Instant runoff voting]] (IRV, known in the UK as the Alternative Vote), [[Kemeny-Young method|Kemeny-Young]], [[Minimax Condorcet]], [[Ranked Pairs]], and [[Schulze method|Schulze]] all fail this criterion. A few ordinal methods, like [[weighted positional method|Antiplurality]], pass it. Some [[Condorcet methods]] pass it when combined with the [[tied at the top]] rule, though this means they may not be Condorcet-efficient when some voters equally rank multiple candidates.
 
It is also failed by [[Pluralityplurality voting]] and two-round [[runoff voting]].
 
== Definition ==
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==Complying methods==
 
[[Approval voting]], [[range voting]], [[Majority Judgment]], [[MMPO|MinMax(pairwise opposition)]], [[MCA]] (except MCA-A and some versions of MCA-R), [[MAMPO]], [[Majority Defeat Disqualification Approval]], and [[Improved Condorcet Approval]] comply with the favorite betrayal criterion, as dodoes ICT and [[Symmetrical ICT]].
 
[[Borda count]], [[plurality voting]], [[Condorcet criterion|Condorcet methods]] (except for Improved Condorcet methods, such as Kevin Venzke's [[ICA]], and Chris Benham's ICT, and [[Symmetrical ICT]]) and [[instant-runoff voting]] do not comply.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://lists.electorama.com/pipermail/election-methods-electorama.com/2005-May/081273.html|title=WV methods fail FBC with 3 candidates|website=Election-methods mailing list archives|date=2005-05-13|last=Venzke|first=K.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://munsterhjelm.no/km/yahoo_lists_archive/RangeVoting/web/2005-October/msg00059.html|title=I told why CC is incompatible with FBC. Why the continuing debate?|date=2005-10-18|last=Ossipoff|first=M.|website=RangeVoting Yahoo list mirror}}</ref>
 
== Examples ==