First Past the Post electoral system: Difference between revisions
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{{Wikipedia|First-past-the-post voting}}A '''first-past-the-post''' ('''FPTP'''; sometimes '''FPP''')<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dia.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/wpg_URL/Resource-material-STV-Information-More-about-FPP?OpenDocument|title=More about FPP|author=The Department of Internal Affairs, Government of New Zealand|website=dia.govt.nz|language=en-NZ|access-date=2019-02-17}}</ref> [[electoral system]] is one in which voters indicate on a ballot the candidate of their choice, and the candidate who receives the most votes wins. |
{{Wikipedia|First-past-the-post voting}}A '''first-past-the-post''' ('''FPTP'''; sometimes '''FPP''')<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dia.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/wpg_URL/Resource-material-STV-Information-More-about-FPP?OpenDocument|title=More about FPP|author=The Department of Internal Affairs, Government of New Zealand|website=dia.govt.nz|language=en-NZ|access-date=2019-02-17}}</ref> [[electoral system]] is one in which voters indicate on a ballot the candidate of their choice (their 1st choice), and the candidate who receives the most votes wins. |
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First-past-the-post elections only require winning candidates to receive a [[plurality]] of the total number of votes. FPTP is a common feature of electoral systems with [[w:Single-member district|single-member electoral divisions]], and is practised in close to one third of countries. Notable examples include the [[w:United States|United States]], the [[w:United Kingdom|United Kingdom]], as well as some of the latter's former [[w:colony|colonies]] and [[w:protectorate|protectorate]]s, such as [[w:Canada|Canada]] or [[w:India|India]]. |
First-past-the-post elections only require winning candidates to receive a [[plurality]] of the total number of votes. FPTP is a common feature of electoral systems with [[w:Single-member district|single-member electoral divisions]], and is practised in close to one third of countries. Notable examples include the [[w:United States|United States]], the [[w:United Kingdom|United Kingdom]], as well as some of the latter's former [[w:colony|colonies]] and [[w:protectorate|protectorate]]s, such as [[w:Canada|Canada]] or [[w:India|India]]. |
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== Activism around FPTP == |
== Activism around FPTP == |
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Much electoral activism has centered around providing alternatives to FPTP voting. |
Much electoral activism has centered around providing alternatives to FPTP voting. |
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== Notes == |
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One of the biggest complaints against FPTP is that it has a [[Spoiler effect|spoiler effect]]. This is most easily visualized by observing that FPTP passes the [[Majority criterion|majority criterion]] but not the [[Mutual majority criterion|mutual majority criterion]]: |
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26 A>B |
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25 B>A |
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49 C |
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C has the most 1st choices and wins here with 49 votes. Yet if one of A or B drops out, then the remaining candidate of the two will be a [[majority]]'s 1st choice and thus win with 51 votes. [[IRV]]/[[RCV]] guarantees such scenarios don't occur, with [[Smith-efficient]][[Condorcet methods]] giving an even stronger guarantee: if C's voters had a preference between A or B, they'd have the power to ensure their preference between the majority's candidates wins. {{fromwikipedia}} |
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[[Category:Single-winner voting methods]] |
[[Category:Single-winner voting methods]] |
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