First Past the Post electoral system: Difference between revisions

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== Notes ==
FPTP canis begenerally done either with a [[choose-one ballot]],. orNote that the FPTP-relevant information can also be captured with a [[ranked ballot]] (by only looking at a voter's 1st choice candidate; if the voter has several first choices, it is recommended to split their vote equally between each of those candidates, similar to [[cumulative voting]]), or with a [[rated ballot]] (by identifying the candidates given the highest rating on the ballot as the voter's 1st choice(s)). By extension, [[runoff voting]] and other [[:Category:FPTP-based voting methods]] can also be done using more expressive ballot types.
 
FPTP is notable among voting methods for offering a voter no way to express a preference for more than one candidate; see the [[ballot]] article for examples of other ballot types. It passes [[monotonicity]], meaning that a candidate can never be hurt if voters vote for that candidate, which is a notable property. In terms of voter behavior, it has been widely observed that FPTP tends to result in elections with at most two sharply opposed major candidates. [[Duverger's law]] and the [[center squeeze effect]] offer insight into this; essentially, voters are encouraged to group up to ensure their candidate can get the most votes, yet this prevents some voters from supporting their favorite candidate. [[Runoff voting]] and [[Instant runoff voting]] are two voting methods highly based on FPTP-like principles; see [[:Category:FPTP-based voting methods|Category:FPTP-based voting methods]].
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