electowiki

Negative vote: Difference between revisions

Page Discussion

Negative vote (view source)

Revision as of 04:46, 20 April 2020

9 bytes added ,  4 years ago
get rid of citation error template
VisualWikitext
(Taiwan website is actually English)
(get rid of citation error template)
Line 1:
'''Negative vote''', also called '''bipolar voting'''<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Ferguson|first=Daniel|last2=Lowi|first2=Theodore|date=2001|title=Reforming American Electoral Politics: Let's Take “No” for an Answer|url=http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S1049096501000506|journal=Political Science & Politics|language=en|volume=34|issue=02|pages=277–280|doi=10.1017/S1049096501000506|issn=1049-0965|via=}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Brams|first=Steven J.|date=2003|title=“Bipolar Voting” Not a New Idea|url=http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S1049096503001586|journal=Political Science and Politics|language=en|volume=36|issue=01|pages=1|doi=10.1017/S1049096503001586|issn=1049-0965|via=}}</ref> or '''balanced plurality voting''' ('''BPV''')<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=https://www.opednews.com/articles/Yet-Another-Balanced-Votin-by-Paul-Cohen-Balanced-Voting_Election_Polls_Voting-Machine-Election-Fraud-2018-2020-180323-296.html|title=Yet Another Balanced Voting Method|last=Cohen|first=Paul|date=2018-03-23|website=OpEdNews|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-04-20|quote=BPV was the very first example of Balanced Voting (but since then, renamed) to be described in this series of articles.}}</ref> is a modification of [[FPTP]], in which voters can choose to either support a single candidate, or vote against a single candidate. The negative votes are subtracted from positive votes for each candidate, and the candidate with the highest total is the winner.
 
== History and advocacy ==
It was originally proposed by George A.W. Boehm in 1976 in an essay<ref>{{Citation|last=Boehm|first=George A. W.|title=One Fervent Vote against Wintergreen|date=1976|volume=|pages=|type=Unpublished mimeograph}}</ref> sent to various social choice theorists, which referenced the plot of the 1931 musical [[W:Of Thee I Sing|''Of Thee I Sing'']], in which a candidate wins the US presidency despite being a bumbling crook,<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.negative.vote/about/|title=About|website=Negative Vote|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-19|date=|last=|first=|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=live|quote=curb the influence of extremists on both sides of the political spectrum and empower the middle-minded, moderate majority}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Poundstone|first=William|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hbxL3A-pWagC|title=Gaming the Vote: Why Elections Aren't Fair (and What We Can Do About It)|date=2009-02-17|publisher=Farrar, Straus and Giroux|isbn=978-0-8090-4892-2|language=en|year=|location=|pages=}}</ref>{{Rp|187}} proposing that voters be given the option to vote ''against'' a candidate like Wintergreen rather than ''for'' someone else.
 
[[Steven Brams]] was initially interested in Boehm's proposal, and analyzed the system in three-candidate elections,<ref>{{Citation|last=Brams|first=Steven J.|title=When is it Advantageous to Cast a Negative Vote?|date=1977|url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-642-45494-3_45|work=Mathematical Economics and Game Theory|volume=141|pages=564–572|editor-last=Henn|editor-first=Rudolf|publisher=Springer Berlin Heidelberg|doi=10.1007/978-3-642-45494-3_45|isbn=978-3-540-08063-3|access-date=2020-04-19|editor2-last=Moeschlin|editor2-first=Otto}}</ref> but soon learned of [[approval voting]] from Robert Weber, compared the two systems,<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Brams|first=Steven|date=1976|title=One Man, n Votes, Module in Applied Mathematics|url=|journal=Mathematical Association of America, Ithaca: Cornell University|volume=|pages=|via=}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|last=Brams|first=Steven J.|title=Comparison Voting|date=1983|url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-1-4612-5430-0_3|work=Political and Related Models|volume=|pages=32–65|editor-last=|editor-first=|publisher=Springer New York|language=en|doi=10.1007/978-1-4612-5430-0_3|isbn=978-1-4612-5432-4|access-date=2020-04-19|editor2-last=|editor2-first=|editor3-last=|editor3-first=}}</ref> and started advocating for approval voting instead.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite book|last=Brams|first=Steven J.|url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/mediawiki/oclc/ocm96045998|title=Approval voting|last2=Fishburn|first2=Peter C.|date=2007|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-0-387-49895-9|edition=2nd ed|location=New York|oclc=ocm96045998|year=|pages=}}</ref>{{Rp|xv}}
 
It is currently advocated by the Negative Vote Association in Taiwan,<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.negativevote.org/pagesen/pid_0/8.html?lang=en|title=About Us|last=|first=|date=|website=負數票協會 Negative Vote Association|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-04-20|quote=will weed out extremist candidates, societies will become more harmonious internally and less likely to go to war against neighbors.}}</ref> chiefly by Sam (Tien Shang) Chang, and by NEGATIVE.VOTE in Chicago (though this organization has expanded<ref name=":3" /> to adding a negative option to other voting methods as well, such as [[W:Combined approval voting|Balanced Approval]], Balanced [[Instant-runoff voting|RCV]], etc.)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.negative.vote/|title=Home|website=Negative Vote|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-20}}</ref>
Retrieved from "https://electowiki.org/wiki/Special:MobileDiff/10520"