Approval-based primary election methods: Difference between revisions

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RobLa

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Line 1: '''Approval-based primary election methods''' are [[Electoral system\|electoral systems]] based in the "[[approval voting]]" single-winner system, but allow for the selection of multiple candidates. They are designed as proposals to replace [[Primary election\|primary elections]]. ~~This page lists three sets of rules~~ The "St, Louis method ~~- this~~" is the ~~method~~only one in use in public elections, as it was adopted by the city of St. Louis for their non-partisan primaries in 2019.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web\|url=https://stlapproves.org/s/PETITION.pdf\|title=PETITION FOR PROPOSITION D\|last=STL Approves\|first=\|date=\|website=STL Approves\|url-status=live\|archive-url=\|archive-date=\|access-date=}}</ref> "Maximum approval top-two" or "MATT" is an approval-based primary where voters use an [[W:approval voting\|approval voting]] ballot to select which candidates would be acceptable to advance to the general election. The maximum approval top-two method then selects no more than two candidates to advance to a general election. * "Majority approval filter" or "MAF" is an approval-based primary election method that advances all candidates who are approved by a majority of the electorate, as well as often selecting one or more opposition candidates. == History == Line 16 ⟶ 15: The rules for the various methods are described below, in order from simplest to most complicated: {{anchor\|STL}} ~~===~~ {{anchor\|St. Louis method ~~===~~}} === Unified primary === [[File:STL-sample-ballot-for-2021-03-02-election.png\|thumb\|Heading from the sample ballot for Heading from sample ballot for the March 2021 primary election in [[St. Louis, Missouri]]<ref>https://www.stlouis-mo.gov/government/departments/board-election-commissioners/documents/upload/Mar2021AllRacesBallot2.pdf</ref><ref>https://www.reddit.com/r/EndFPTP/comments/lfn1sh/sample_approval_voting_ballot_for_the_march_2nd/</ref> ]]{{main\|Unified primary}} ]] The St. Louis method is defined in a short paragraph on the 2020 ballot petition:<ref name=":0" /><blockquote>''Notwithstanding any other provision of law to the contrary, in the primary election for the [offices in question], voters shall select as many candidates as they approve of for each office. The two candidates receiving the most votes for each office shall advance to the general election. The candidate for each office receiving the most votes in the general election shall be declared the winner.''</blockquote>The ballot petition above passed with over 68% of the vote in the [[St. Louis, Missouri\|city of St. Louis]] in November 2020.<ref>{{Cite web\|last=Schlinkmann\|first=Mark\|title=Overhaul of St. Louis election system passes, residency rule repeal fails\|url=https://www.stltoday.com/news/local/govt-and-politics/overhaul-of-st-louis-election-system-passes-residency-rule-repeal-fails/article_d37f0b73-c0b6-56d7-b093-8d069c314813.html\|access-date=2021-02-06\|website=STLtoday.com\|language=en}}</ref>▼ ▲The ''unified primary'' method is the method currently used in St. Louis, Missouri, was used in the [[2021 St. Louis mayoral election]], resulting in the election of [[Tishaura Jones]]. This method is defined in a short paragraph on the St. Louis 2020 ballot petition:<ref name=":0" /><blockquote>''Notwithstanding any other provision of law to the contrary, in the primary election for the [offices in question], voters shall select as many candidates as they approve of for each office. The two candidates receiving the most votes for each office shall advance to the general election. The candidate for each office receiving the most votes in the general election shall be declared the winner.''</blockquote>The ballot petition above passed with over 68% of the vote in the [[St. Louis, Missouri\|city of St. Louis]] in November 2020.<ref>{{Cite web\|last=Schlinkmann\|first=Mark\|title=Overhaul of St. Louis election system passes, residency rule repeal fails\|url=https://www.stltoday.com/news/local/govt-and-politics/overhaul-of-st-louis-election-system-passes-residency-rule-repeal-fails/article_d37f0b73-c0b6-56d7-b093-8d069c314813.html\|access-date=2021-02-06\|website=STLtoday.com\|language=en}}</ref> {{anchor\|MATT}} === Maximum approval top-two (MATT) === {{main\|User:RobLa/MATT}} "'''Maximum approval top-two'''" (or "''MATT''") is aan ~~voting~~approval-based primary system ~~that~~where voters use an [[W:approval voting\|approval voting]] ballot to select no more than two candidates to advance to the general election. It was proposed by [[User:RobLa]], based on discussions that happened on the [[election-methods mailing list]] in 2018.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> [[Category:Approval voting]]▼ MATT uses the following steps:▼ ▲MATT uses the following steps: ▲[[Category:Approval voting]] #The candidate who receives the highest approval rating (the "front-runner") qualifies for the general election #Example: if there are 100 voters, and 40 approve of "A" and "B", 30 approve of only "B", and 30 approve of only "C", then "B" advances to the general election, since "B" is approved by 70% of voters. Line 38 ⟶ 41: {{main\|User:RobLa/MAF}} Majority approval filter (or "MAF") is another approval-based primary method, mainly devised by [[User:RobLa]] in 2018 (~~with~~in ~~help~~discussion ~~from~~with Ted Stern and other members of the [[election-methods mailing list]]).<ref name=":1" /> It's a set of rules for holding a primary election with an [[W:Approval Voting\|~~Approval~~approval Voting]]-style ballot, providing motivation for all candidates to achieve the highest approval rating~~, and resulting in a general election Ballot Satisfaction Score of at least 75%~~. The "Ballot Satisfaction Score" is the percentage of the electorate which approves of at least one candidate on a given ballot. The goal of the system is to provide the least-objectionable approval-based system that would achieve the following: Ensures the candidate with the highest approval rating isn't eliminated * Prefers a second candidate who may not be approved by voters who approved the top candidate, but has a high approval rating, too. * Prefers selecting two candidates who are approved by over 75% of the electorate, through a set of rules involving a "Ballot Satisfaction Score" and ensuring that at least one of the two advancing candidates are approved by 75% There are many rules to ensure this outcome. While not as simple as the St. Louis method or MATT, it handles more oddball cases (where an "unjust" outcome may occur) than either of the former two methods. Line 50 ⟶ 54: [[Category:Approval voting]] [[Category:Primary elections]] [[Category:Multi-winner voting methods]]