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{{wikipedia|Approval ballot}}
[[File:Approval ballotApproval_ballot.svg|thumb|right|thumb|On an approval ballot, the voter can select any number of candidates.]]
An '''approval ballot'''<ref>{{Cite isjournal|last=Duddy|first=Conal|date=2014-07-01|title=Electing a representative committee by approval ballot: typeAn impossibility result|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165176514001372|journal=Economics Letters|language=en|volume=124|issue=1|pages=14–16|doi=10.1016/j.econlet.2014.04.009|issn=0165-1765}}</ref> is a [[ballot]] in which a voter may mark their ballots for any number of candidates simultaneously, rather than for only choosing one candidate. With an approval ballot, for each race, the voter is given a list of candidates andto must,approve forand eachdecides candidate,whether eitherto approve them,the candidate or disapprove themof the candidate. Usually thisdisapproval is indicated by letting the voter place a mark next to the names of candidates they approve, and assuming that unmarked candidates are disapproved.<ref>Note that Approvalthis ballotsarticle arewas usedderived byfrom [[Approvalthe voting]],article [[Explicitof approvalthe voting]],same [[Proportionalname approvalon voting]],English [[W:CombinedWikipedia approvalon voting|CombinedAugust approval voting]]16, etc2022: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Approval_ballot&oldid=1085372153 </ref>
 
Candidates that are selected in a voter's ballot are said to be ''approved'' by the voter; the other candidates are said to be ''disapproved'' or ''rejected''. Approval ballots do not let the voters specify a preference-order among the candidates they approve; hence this ballot is sometimes called an '''unordered ballot''' (in contrast to [[Ballot|other ballot types]]).<ref name=":0">{{cite arXiv|last=Janson|first=Svante|date=2018-10-12|title=Phragmen's and Thiele's election methods|class=math.HO|eprint=1611.08826}}</ref>
[[File:Balanced Approval ballot.svg|thumb|right|It is possible to have ballot that allows voters to explicitly vote ''against'' candidates]]▼
== Example ==▼
<blockquote>Alicia☑ Brandon☐ Charlie☐ David☐ Eileen☑</blockquote>
 
Approval ballots are used by [[approval voting]], [[explicit approval voting]], [[proportional approval voting]], and [[combined approval voting]], among other systems.
== References ==
<references/>▼
 
[[Category:Approval voting]]
[[Category:Ballot types]]
 
 
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An '''approval ballot,'''<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Duddy|first=Conal|date=2014-07-01|title=Electing a representative committee by approval ballot: An impossibility result|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165176514001372|journal=Economics Letters|language=en|volume=124|issue=1|pages=14–16|doi=10.1016/j.econlet.2014.04.009|issn=0165-1765}}</ref> also called an '''unordered ballot''',<ref name=":0">{{cite arXiv|last=Janson|first=Svante|date=2018-10-12|title=Phragmen's and Thiele's election methods|class=math.HO|eprint=1611.08826}}</ref> is a [[ballot]] in which a voter may vote for any number of candidates simultaneously, rather than for just one candidate. Candidates that are selected in a voter's ballot are said to be ''approved'' by the voter; the other candidates are said to be ''disapproved'' or ''rejected''. Approval ballots do not let the voters specify a preference-order among the candidates they approve; hence the name ''unordered''. This is in contrast to [[ranked ballots]], which are ordered. There are several [[electoral system]]s that use approval balloting; they differ in the way in which the election outcome is determined:
 
* In [[approval voting]], there is a single winner, and he/she is the candidate with the largest number of votes.▼
* In [[multiple non-transferable vote]] (also called block voting) there is a fixed number (say ''k'') of winners, and they are the ''k'' candidates with the largest number of votes.▼
* In other [[multiwinner approval voting]] systems, there is a fixed numbe ''k'' of winners, but they are determined by more complex procedures, in order to guarantee such properties as [[justified representation]].▼
Approval ballots let the voters express [[dichotomous preferences]].▼
 
== Description ==
[[File:Approval_ballot.svg|right|thumb|On an approval ballot, the voter can select any number of candidates.]]
Approval voting ballots show a list of the candidates running for that seat for each office being contested. Next to each name is a checkbox (or another similar way to mark "Yes" or "No" for that candidate).
 
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Each ballot separates candidates into two groups: those supported and those that are not. Each candidate approved is considered preferred to any candidate not approved, while the voter's preferences among approved candidates is unspecified, and likewise, the voter's preferences among unapproved candidates is also unspecified.
 
▲== Example ==
In typical approval elections, voters may express support for multiple candidates. For example, if Alicia, Brandon, Charlie, David, and Eileen are running against each other, a voter may express support for Alicia and Eileen with the following ballot. <blockquote>Alicia☑ Brandon☐ Charlie☐ David☐ Eileen☑</blockquote>
 
== Usage ==
There are several [[electoral system]]s that use approval balloting; they differ in the way in which the election outcome is determined:
▲* In [[approval voting]], there is a single winner, and he/she is the candidate with the largest number of votes.
▲* In [[multiplebloc non-transferable votevoting]], (alsosometimes called block"multiple votingnon-transferable vote") there is a fixed number (say ''k'') of winners, and they are the ''k'' candidates with the largest number of votes.
▲* In other [[multiwinner approval voting]] systems, there is a fixed numbe ''k'' of winners, but they are determined by more complex procedures, in order to guarantee such properties as [[justified representation]].
▲Approval ballots let the voters express simple "yes" or "no" preferences (sometimes referred to as "[[W:Dichotomous preferences|dichotomous preferences]].")
 
== Ballot types ==
▲[[File:Balanced Approval ballot.svg|thumb|right|It is possible to have ballot that allows voters to explicitly vote ''against'' candidates]]
{{more citations needed section|date=June 2019}}Approval ballots can be of at least four semi-distinct forms. The simplest form is a blank ballot on which voters hand-write the names of the candidates they support. A more structured ballot lists all candidates, and voters mark each candidate they support. A more explicit structured ballot can list the candidates and provide two choices by each. (Candidate list ballots can include spaces for write-in candidates as well.)
 
All four ballots are theoretically equivalent. The more structured ballots may aid voters in offering clear votes so they explicitly know all their choices. The Yes/No format can help to detect an "undervote" when a candidate is left unmarked and allow the voter a second chance to confirm the ballot markings are correct. The "single bubble" format is incapable of producing invalid ballots (which might otherwise be rejected in counting).▼
 
Unless the second or fourth format is used, fraudulently adding votes to an approval voting ballot does not invalidate the ballot (that is, it does not make it appear inconsistent). Thus, approval voting raises the importance of ensuring that the "chain of custody" of ballots is secure.▼
{| border=""
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▲All four ballots are theoretically equivalent. The more structured ballots may aid voters in offering clear votes so they explicitly know all their choices. The Yes/No format can help to detect an "undervote" when a candidate is left unmarked and allow the voter a second chance to confirm the ballot markings are correct. The "single bubble" format is incapable of producing invalid ballots (which might otherwise be rejected in counting).
 
▲Unless the second or fourth format is used, fraudulently adding votes to an approval voting ballot does not invalidate the ballot (that is, it does not make it appear inconsistent). Thus, approval voting raises the importance of ensuring that the "chain of custody" of ballots is secure.
 
== References ==
▲<references/>
{{Reflist}}
 
[[Category:Approval voting|*]]
[[Category:BallotsBallot types]]
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