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{{wikipedia|Approval ballot}}
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An '''approval ballot'''<ref>{{Cite
Candidates that are selected in a voter's ballot are said to be ''approved'' by the voter; the other candidates are said to be ''disapproved'' or ''rejected''. Approval ballots do not let the voters specify a preference-order among the candidates they approve; hence this ballot is sometimes called an '''unordered ballot''' (in contrast to [[Ballot|other ballot types]]).<ref name=":0">{{cite arXiv|last=Janson|first=Svante|date=2018-10-12|title=Phragmen's and Thiele's election methods|class=math.HO|eprint=1611.08826}}</ref>
[[File:Balanced Approval ballot.svg|thumb|right|It is possible to have ballot that allows voters to explicitly vote ''against'' candidates]]▼
== Example ==▼
Approval ballots are used by [[approval voting]], [[explicit approval voting]], [[proportional approval voting]], and [[combined approval voting]], among other systems.
<references/>▼
* In [[approval voting]], there is a single winner, and he/she is the candidate with the largest number of votes.▼
* In [[multiple non-transferable vote]] (also called block voting) there is a fixed number (say ''k'') of winners, and they are the ''k'' candidates with the largest number of votes.▼
* In other [[multiwinner approval voting]] systems, there is a fixed numbe ''k'' of winners, but they are determined by more complex procedures, in order to guarantee such properties as [[justified representation]].▼
Approval ballots let the voters express [[dichotomous preferences]].▼
== Description ==
Approval voting ballots show a list of the candidates running for that seat for each office being contested. Next to each name is a checkbox (or another similar way to mark "Yes" or "No" for that candidate).
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Each ballot separates candidates into two groups: those supported and those that are not. Each candidate approved is considered preferred to any candidate not approved, while the voter's preferences among approved candidates is unspecified, and likewise, the voter's preferences among unapproved candidates is also unspecified.
▲== Example ==
In typical approval elections, voters may express support for multiple candidates. For example, if Alicia, Brandon, Charlie, David, and Eileen are running against each other, a voter may express support for Alicia and Eileen with the following ballot. <blockquote>Alicia☑ Brandon☐ Charlie☐ David☐ Eileen☑</blockquote>
== Usage ==
There are several [[electoral system]]s that use approval balloting; they differ in the way in which the election outcome is determined:
▲* In [[approval voting]], there is a single winner, and he/she is the candidate with the largest number of votes.
▲* In [[
▲* In other
▲Approval ballots let the voters express simple "yes" or "no" preferences (sometimes referred to as "[[W:Dichotomous preferences|dichotomous preferences]]
== Ballot types ==
▲[[File:Balanced Approval ballot.svg|thumb|right|It is possible to have ballot that allows voters to explicitly vote ''against'' candidates]]
All four ballots are theoretically equivalent. The more structured ballots may aid voters in offering clear votes so they explicitly know all their choices. The Yes/No format can help to detect an "undervote" when a candidate is left unmarked and allow the voter a second chance to confirm the ballot markings are correct. The "single bubble" format is incapable of producing invalid ballots (which might otherwise be rejected in counting).▼
Unless the second or fourth format is used, fraudulently adding votes to an approval voting ballot does not invalidate the ballot (that is, it does not make it appear inconsistent). Thus, approval voting raises the importance of ensuring that the "chain of custody" of ballots is secure.▼
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▲All four ballots are theoretically equivalent. The more structured ballots may aid voters in offering clear votes so they explicitly know all their choices. The Yes/No format can help to detect an "undervote" when a candidate is left unmarked and allow the voter a second chance to confirm the ballot markings are correct. The "single bubble" format is incapable of producing invalid ballots (which might otherwise be rejected in counting).
▲Unless the second or fourth format is used, fraudulently adding votes to an approval voting ballot does not invalidate the ballot (that is, it does not make it appear inconsistent). Thus, approval voting raises the importance of ensuring that the "chain of custody" of ballots is secure.
== References ==
▲<references/>
[[Category:Approval voting
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