4,193
edits
Hare quota: Difference between revisions
Copy of Quota#Hare quota https://electowiki.org/wiki/Quota?oldid=13295
(Redirected page to Quota#Hare quota) Tags: New redirect Visual edit: Switched |
(Copy of Quota#Hare quota https://electowiki.org/wiki/Quota?oldid=13295) Tag: Removed redirect |
||
Line 1:
{{wikipedia|Hare quota}}
The Hare quota may be given as:
:<math>\frac{\mbox{total} \; \mbox{votes}}{\mbox{total} \; \mbox{seats}}</math>
Where:
*<math>\text{total votes}</math> = the total valid poll; that is, the number of valid (unspoiled) votes cast in an election.
*<math>\text{total seats}</math> = the total number of seats to be filled in the election.
When there are 5 seats to be filled and 100 votes cast, the Hare quota is (100/5) = '''20''' votes.
In the single-winner case, a Hare quota is just all of the voters. In general, voting methods that are based on Hare quotas attempt to represent all voters, but don't guarantee that a majority of voters will get even half of the seats.
=== English Wikipedia description ===
{{wikipedia|Hare quota}}
Here's how [[English Wikipedia]] describes the Hare quota:<ref>The November 12, 2020 version of [[wikipedia:Hare quota]]: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hare_quota&oldid=988358654</ref>
<blockquote>
The '''Hare quota''' (also known as the '''simple quota''') is a formula used under some forms of the [[Single Transferable Vote]] (STV) system and the [[largest remainder method]] of [[party-list proportional representation]]. In these [[voting system]]s the quota is the minimum number of votes required for a party or candidate to capture a seat, and the Hare quota is the total number of votes divided by the number of seats.
The Hare quota is the simplest quota that can be used in elections held under the STV system. In an STV election a candidate who reaches the quota is elected while any votes a candidate receives above the quota are transferred to another candidate.
The Hare quota was devised by [[Thomas Hare]], one of the earliest supporters of STV. In 1868, [[Henry Richmond Droop]] (1831–1884) invented the [[Droop quota]] as an alternative to the Hare quota, and Droop is now widely used, the Hare quota today being rarely used with STV.
In [[Brazil]]'s largest remainder system the Hare quota is used to set the minimum number of seats allocated to each party or coalition. Remaining seats are allocated according to the [[D'Hondt method]].<ref>''Note: [[Brazil|Brazilian law]] is in the [[wikipedia:Portuguese language|Portuguese language]]'': [http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/Leis/L4737.htm Brazilian Electoral Code, (Law 4737/1965), Articles 106 to 109.]</ref> This procedure is used for the Federal Chamber of Deputies, State Assemblies, Municipal and Federal District Chambers.
Compared to some similar methods, the use of the Hare quota with the largest remainder method tends to favour the smaller parties at the expense of the larger ones. Thus in [[Hong Kong]] the use of the Hare quota has prompted political parties to nominate their candidates on separate tickets, as under this system this may increase the number of seats they obtain.<ref>{{cite news |authorlink=wikipedia:Jasper Tsang |last=Tsang |first=Jasper Yok Sing |title=Divide then conquer |newspaper=[[South China Morning Post]] |page=A17 |date=11 March 2008 |location=Hong Kong}}</ref> The [[wikipedia:Democratic Party (Hong Kong)|Democratic Party]], for example, filled three separate tickets in the 8-seat [[wikipedia:New Territories West constituency|New Territories West constituency]] in the [[wikipedia:2008 Hong Kong legislative election|2008 Legislative Council elections]]. In the [[wikipedia:2012 Hong Kong legislative election|2012 election]], no candidate list won more than one seat in any of the six PR constituencies (a total of 40 seats). In Hong Kong the Hare quota system has effectively become a [[wikipedia:Single non-transferable vote|multi-member single-vote system]] in the territory.<ref>{{cite news |author=Ma Ngok |script-title=zh:港式比例代表制 議會四分五裂 |trans-title=Hong Kong-style proportional representation is divided |newspaper=[[wikipedia:Ming Pao]] |location=Hong Kong |page=A31 |date=25 July 2008 | language = zh-hk}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Choy |first=Ivan Chi Keung |script-title=zh:港式選舉淪為變相多議席單票制 |trans-title=Hong Kong-style elections become a multi-seat multi-seat single-vote system |newspaper=[[wikipedia:Ming Pao]] |location=Hong Kong |page=A29 |date=31 July 2008 | language = zh-hk}}</ref> This formula also rewards political alliances and parties of small-to-moderate size and discourages broader unions which led to the fragmentation of the political parties and electoral alliances rather than expanding them.<ref name="Carey">{{cite journal|title=Electoral Formula and Fragmentation in Hong Kong|first=John M.|last=Carey|url=http://sites.dartmouth.edu/jcarey/files/2016/07/Hong-Kong-PR-Formula-Carey-June-2016.pdf}}</ref>
</blockquote>
The article above may have changed since this writing in December 2020. See [[wikipedia:Hare quota]] for the latest version.
| |||