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{{Wikipedia}}
'''Party-list proportional representation''' (PLPR) systems are a family of
[[Image:ElezioneBrunate.jpg|right|thumb|a poster for the European Parliament election 2004 in Italy, showing party lists]]
==Apportionment==
{{see also|Apportionment}}
There are many variations on seat allocation within party-list proportional representation. The three most common are:
* The [[d'Hondt method]], used in Israel, Austria and Poland, among other places;
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List PR may also be combined in various hybrids (e.g. using the [[Additional member system]]).
The unmodified Sainte-Laguë method and the LR-Hare method rank as the most proportional followed by LR-Droop; [[single transferable vote]]; modified Sainte-Laguë, d'Hondt and largest remainder Imperiali. While the allocation formula is important, equally important is the district magnitude (number of seats in a constituency). The higher the district magnitude, the more proportional a proportional electoral system becomes.
Since a party list method proportionally allocates the seats in an assembly (like a legislature), it may also be used to proportionally divide seats among states in a federal assembly. When a party list method is used for this purpose, it is called an apportionment method. The use of the Huntington-Hill method to allocate seats of the United States House of Representatives is an example of apportionment.
==Notes==
One criticism of PLPR is that sometimes, the allocation of seats to factions within a party is disproportional. This can be because of the use of an open list system, because [[SNTV]] is usually used to determine which candidates win, and under honest voting, this can lead to very disproportionate outcomes. This is one reason why some prefer voting methods like [[STV]] and [[Asset voting]].
==Related==
* [[Balinski–Young theorem]]
* [[Population monotonicity]]
* [[House monotonicity criterion | House monotonicity]]
* [[Quota rule]]
==External links==
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{{fromwikipedia}}
[[Category:Proportional voting methods]]
[[Category:PSC-compliant voting methods]]
[[Category:FPTP-based voting methods]]
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