Authoritarianism: Difference between revisions
Add reference that hierarchy (vertical collectivism and individualism) is correlated with authoritarianism; copy definition of liberalism from the liberalism article to make it clear what kind of liberalism is being referenced.
(Copied and adapted first paragraph of w:Authoritarianism (specifically: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Authoritarianism&oldid=1076030391 )) |
(Add reference that hierarchy (vertical collectivism and individualism) is correlated with authoritarianism; copy definition of liberalism from the liberalism article to make it clear what kind of liberalism is being referenced.) |
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{{wikipedia}}
'''Authoritarianism''' is a [[Category:Forms of government|form of government]] characterized by an emphasis on hierarchy<ref name="Kemmelmeier Burnstein Krumov Genkova 2003 pp. 304–322">{{cite journal | last=Kemmelmeier | first=Markus | last2=Burnstein | first2=Eugene | last3=Krumov | first3=Krum | last4=Genkova | first4=Petia | last5=Kanagawa | first5=Chie | last6=Hirshberg | first6=Matthew S. | last7=Erb | first7=Hans-Peter | last8=Wieczorkowska | first8=Grazyna | last9=Noels | first9=Kimberly A. | title=Individualism, Collectivism, and Authoritarianism in Seven Societies | journal=Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology | publisher=SAGE Publications | volume=34 | issue=3 | year=2003 | issn=0022-0221 | doi=10.1177/0022022103034003005 | pages=304–322|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/240277646_Individualism_Collectivism_and_Authoritarianism_in_Seven_Societies}}</ref> and the rejection of liberty, equality, and [[Plurality|political plurality]]
[[W:Rudolph Rummel|Rudolph Rummel]] in his 1976 book [https://www.hawaii.edu/powerkills/TCH.CHAP31.HTM#3 Understanding Conflict and War, Vol. 2: The Conflict Helix] distinguished totalitarianism from authoritarianism as distinct rejections of [[Liberalism]]. While the term totalitarianism had a slightly different meaning prior to Rummel's work prior political philosophers such as Theodor W. Adorno and Max Horkheimer traced the roots of this ideology back to Jean Jacques Rousseau. The thread of totalitarian thought follows consistently from Rousseau, to Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, to Karl Marx, to Antonio Gramsci ending in the common form of totalitarianism seen in the world today largely developed by Herbert Marcuse. This is contrasted with authoritarianism which is a distinct tradition and hierarchy focussed ideology. A common oversimplification of this is that authoritarianism is the rejection of liberalism from the political right while totalitarianism is rejection of liberalism from the political left. This is encapsulated in the [[Three Telos Model]].
==References==
[[Category:Forms of government]]
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