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Electoral system: Difference between revisions
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See '''[[:Category:Electoral systems]]''' for the category associated with this article. This category on electowiki corresponds to "electoral systems" category on [[English Wikipedia]] (found here: "[[wikipedia:Category:Electoral systems]]").
=== Criteria in evaluating electoral systems ===▼
Various [[:Category:voting system criteria|criteria]] are used in evaluating voting systems. However, it is impossible for one voting system to pass all criteria in common use. For example, [[Arrow's impossibility theorem]] demonstrates that many desirable criteria are mutually inconsistent.▼
[[Category:Electoral systems]]
== Summary ==
An '''electoral system''' (also referred to as an '''election method''', '''voting system''', '''voting rule''', '''voting scheme''', etc.) is a system for groups of people to select one or more options from many, taking into account the individual preferences of the group members, or more generally to find society's preference among all the candidates (1st place, 2nd place, etc.). Voting is often seen as the defining feature of democracy, and is best known for its use in public elections — but it can also be used to award prizes, to select between different plans of action, or as a means for computer programs to evaluate which solution is best for a complex problem. ▼
[[File:Voting system Euler diagram.svg|thumb|Several of the popular voting methods, categorized by their important properties]]▼
▲An '''electoral system''' (also referred to as an '''election method''', '''voting system''', '''voting rule''', '''voting scheme''', etc.) is a system for groups of people to select one or more options from many, taking into account the individual preferences of the group members, or more generally to find society's preference among all the candidates (1st place, 2nd place, etc.). Voting is often seen as the defining feature of democracy, and is best known for its use in public elections — but it can also be used to award prizes, to select between different plans of action, or as a means for computer programs to evaluate which solution is best for a complex problem.
A key property of electoral systems is that, because they are algorithms, they must be formally defined. For example, [[consensus]] is sometimes put forward as a voting system. But consensus is a broad way of working with others, analogous to democracy or anarchy.
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Also see the [[voting theory glossary]]. [[Vote counting]] explains how the ballots submitted by the voters can be physically turned into the information needed to compute the result of a voting method.
▲[[File:Voting system Euler diagram.svg|thumb|Several of the popular voting methods, categorized by their important properties]]
Voting methods can generally be categorized into rated and ranked methods. [[Rated method|Rated methods]] look for a candidate who is most "satisfying" to voters (based on their ratings of the candidates), i.e. [[Score voting]]. Most [[Ranked method|ranked methods]] try to extend [[majority rule]] to situations where there are more than two candidates. [[IRV|IRV/RCV]] and [[:Category:Condorcet methods|Condorcet methods]] are the most notable of these.▼
▲=== Criteria in evaluating electoral systems ===
▲:''main category: [[:Category:Voting methods]]''
▲Voting methods can generally be categorized into rated and ranked methods. [[Rated method|Rated methods]] look for a candidate who is most "satisfying" to voters (based on their ratings of the candidates), i.e. [[Score voting]]. Most [[Ranked method|ranked methods]] try to extend [[majority rule]] to situations where there are more than two candidates. [[IRV|IRV/RCV]] and [[:Category:Condorcet methods|Condorcet methods]] are the most notable of these.
▲Various [[:Category:voting system criteria|criteria]] are used in evaluating voting systems. However, it is impossible for one voting system to pass all criteria in common use. For example, [[Arrow's impossibility theorem]] demonstrates that many desirable criteria are mutually inconsistent.
===Determinism and delegation===
In addition, there are some distinctions between deterministic and non-deterministic voting methods (deterministic means the voting method always gives the same results when the same ballots are inputted; non-deterministic usually means there's some kind of randomness to the voting method. Most likely you're looking for deterministic methods), and delegated and non-delegated methods (delegated methods allow/force voters to give up their voting power to someone else who decides who wins. You're probably looking for non-delegated methods).
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