Exhausted ballot: Difference between revisions
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:''Not to be confused with [[exhaustive ballot]]''.
An '''exhausted ballot''' is a ballot with rankings that are not considered in rounds of an election using some variation of IRV / RCV (single winner) and [[Single Transferable Vote|Single Transferable Vote (STV)]] due to elimination in prior rounds. The ballot rankings get eliminated because ''all'' candidates who appear in the particular ballot/ranking were eliminated from the election's prior rounds of tallying. The practice of eliminating ballots from consideration is sometimes referred to as '''ballot exhaustion'''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ballot exhaustion |url=https://ballotpedia.org/Ballot_exhaustion |access-date=2023-02-27 |website=Ballotpedia |language=en}}</ref> Single-winner STV is
Refers to processing a ranked choice voting contest on a cast ballot, when that ballot becomes inactive and cannot be advanced in the tabulation for a contest because there are no further valid rankings on the ballot for continuing contest options.▼
See also:▼
* [[Spoiled_ballot | Spoiled ballot]]▼
Links:▼
* https://www.aec.gov.au/about_aec/research/files/sbps-exhaustion.pdf▼
▲An '''exhausted ballot''' is a ballot with rankings that are not considered in rounds of an election using some variation of IRV / RCV (single winner) and [[Single Transferable Vote|Single Transferable Vote (STV)]] due to elimination in prior rounds. The ballot rankings get eliminated because ''all'' candidates who appear in the particular ballot/ranking were eliminated from the election's prior rounds of tallying. The practice of eliminating ballots from consideration is sometimes referred to as '''ballot exhaustion'''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ballot exhaustion |url=https://ballotpedia.org/Ballot_exhaustion |access-date=2023-02-27 |website=Ballotpedia |language=en}}</ref> Single-winner STV is sometimes referred to as "instant-runoff voting" or "ranked-choice voting".
▲
==Terminology==
Single-winner STV is sometimes referred to as "instant-runoff voting" because of the way the ballot count simulates a series of runoffs, similar to an [[exhaustive ballot]] system, except that voter preferences do not change between rounds.<ref>[[User:RobLa]] quoted oldid 1141090457 of [[w:Instant-runoff voting|]]: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Instant-runoff_voting&oldid=1141090457</ref><ref name="publications.parliament.uk">{{cite web |date=15 February 2001 |title=Second Report: Election of a Speaker |url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200001/cmselect/cmproced/40/4005.htm |access-date=18 February 2008 |publisher=House of Commons Select Committee on Procedure}}<!--This ref describes similarities/differences between IRV and exhaustive ballot.--></ref> It is also known as the alternative vote, transferable vote, ranked-choice voting (RCV), single-seat ranked-choice voting, or preferential vote.
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"Ballot exhaustion" occurs when rankings on a voter’s ballot prevent their vote from being counted and determining the election’s end result. The selection in this particular race is then discarded, and does not influence the final outcome.
'''RCV False Claim''': If your first choice is eliminated your next choice will be counted - this term is used to describe a specific kind of wasted vote in RCV.
Definition: Ballots where down ballot rankings that could have made a difference were not counted because
# the election was called before the votes transferred
# the next choice was eliminated before the vote transferred (failed transfer ballots / exhausted choices)
=== Exhausted ballot and exhausted ranking ===
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For example, it's possible for 10% of rankings are exhausted in the first round of a tally, but the winner to only beat the loser by only 5% of the remaining votes If voters who had their ballots/rankings exhaust in this example election were permitted to choose again (e.g. in a top-two runoff election) a different winner might emerge with a clear majority of votes cast in the runoff. Advocates of RCV argue that voters should provide as complete of a ranking as possible to avoid this uncomfortable situation.
=== Undervoting and truncated ballots ===
[[File:Exhausted-and-truncated-ballots-Venn.svg|thumb|right|Some truncated ballot have sufficient rankings for a vote to be counted, and some exhausted ballots are exhausted balots are not technically "truncated", since the voter may have completed all of the rankings that they were allowed.]]
=== Spoiled ballots and spoiled choices ===
{{Main|Spoiled ballot}}
Because the ballot marking is more complex, there can be an increase in [[Spoiled ballot|spoiled ballots]]. According to [[FairVote]], an "inactive" or "exhausted" ballot counts for candidates in the first round but not in the final round.<ref>https://fairvote.org/our-reforms/ranked-choice-voting-information/#_13-what-are-inactive-or-exhausted-ballots</ref> Ballots can become inactive for the following reasons:
* Election administrators limit voters to a certain number of rankings, such as three, and all of their ranked candidates are eliminated during the round-by-round count. This is known as '''"'''involuntary exhaustion".
* A partially-spoiled ballot may be the result of an "overvote". This ballot is disqualified due to
In some jurisdictions, election officials ignore overvotes and undervotes in the first round of tabulation, skipping to the voter's second preference during the tabulation process. Overvotes and undervotes in the second and subsequent rounds of tabulation may also be ignored rather than treating them as [[Spoiled ballot|spoiled ballots]] and discarding them entirely.
▲** Undervote: The voter doesn’t rank all candidates, and all of their ranked candidates are eliminated during the round-by-round count. Also known as "voluntary abstention", this is the most common source of inactive votes.
▲In some jurisdictions, election officials ignore overvotes and undervotes in the first round of tabulation, skipping to the voter's second preference during the tabulation process. Overvotes and undervotes in the second and subsequent rounds of tabulation may also be ignored rather than treating them as [[Spoiled ballot|spoiled ballots]] and discarding them entirely. In cases where a voter has ranked only candidates that did not make it to the final round of counting, it is only then that the voter's ballot is said to have been exhausted.
==== Other terminology ====
* exhausted choices
* inactive choices
* disqualified ballots
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* spent ballots
* [[wasted votes]]
== Example ==
{{main|2009 Burlington mayoral election}}
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On balance, we believe RCV is much, much, more inclusive of voter preferences than it is exclusive.
=See also=
* [[Spoiled_ballot | Spoiled ballot]]
=Links=
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== Other external websites ==
▲* See also:
* https://fairvote.org/rcv_elections_and_runoffs_exhausted_votes_vs_exhausted_voters_in_the_bay_area/▼
* https://ballotpedia.org/Ballot_exhaustion▼
▲* Links:
* [https://cpb-us-w2.wpmucdn.com/u.osu.edu/dist/e/1083/files/2014/12/ElectoralStudies-2fupfhd.pdf Ballot (and voter) “exhaustion” under Instant Runoff Voting: An examination of four ranked-choice elections]▼
** https://www.
▲** https://www.aec.gov.au/about_aec/research/files/sbps-exhaustion.pdf
Legal challange:▼
▲** https://fairvote.org/rcv_elections_and_runoffs_exhausted_votes_vs_exhausted_voters_in_the_bay_area/
* https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/LSB/LSB10837▼
▲** https://ballotpedia.org/Ballot_exhaustion
▲** [https://cpb-us-w2.wpmucdn.com/u.osu.edu/dist/e/1083/files/2014/12/ElectoralStudies-2fupfhd.pdf Ballot (and voter) “exhaustion” under Instant Runoff Voting: An examination of four ranked-choice elections]
** https://www.aec.gov.au/about_aec/research/files/sbps-exhaustion.pdf
▲* Legal challange:
▲** https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/LSB/LSB10837
[[Category:Voting theory]]
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