Left-right political spectrum: Difference between revisions
Add references to center and wing bias, LCR election scenario, to give information about how voting methods handle a left-right spectrum
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(Add references to center and wing bias, LCR election scenario, to give information about how voting methods handle a left-right spectrum) |
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{{wikipedia|Left–right political spectrum}}
{{merge|Left, Center, Right}}
The '''left–right political spectrum''' (also called a "'''uniform linear political spectrum'''") is a system of classifying political positions, [[wikipedia:Ideology|ideologies]] and [[Political party|parties]] from [[wikipedia:social equality|social equality]] on the left to [[wikipedia:Social stratification|social hierarchy]] on the right. The intermediate stance is called [[centrism]] and a person with such a position is a [[moderate]] or centrist. On this type of [[political spectrum]], [[#Left-wing politics|left-wing politics]] and [[#Right-wing politics|right-wing politics]] are often presented as opposed, although a particular individual or group may take a left-wing stance on one matter and a right-wing stance on another; and some stances may overlap and be considered either left-wing or right-wing depending on the ideology.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Milner|first=Helen|date=2004|title=Partisanship, Trade Policy, and Globalization: Is There a Left–Right Divide on Trade Policy|url=https://www.princeton.edu/~hmilner/forthcoming%20papers/ISQ_milner_judkins2004.PDF|journal=International Studies Quarterly|volume=48|issue=|pages=95–120|doi=10.1111/j.0020-8833.2004.00293.x|pmid=|accessdate=|via=}}</ref> In [[France]], where the terms originated, the left has been called "the party of movement" and the right "the party of order".<ref>Knapp & Wright, p. 10.</ref><ref>Adam Garfinkle, Telltale Hearts: The Origins and Impact of the Vietnam Antiwar Movement (1997). Palgrave Macmillan: p. 303.</ref><ref>"[http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/left Left (adjective)]" and "[http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/left?show=1&t=1325146819 Left (noun)]" (2011), ''Merriam-Webster Dictionary''.</ref><ref>Roger Broad, ''Labour's European Dilemmas: From Bevin to Blair'' (2001). Palgrave Macmillan: p. xxvi.</ref>
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** [[Wikipedia:Social conservatism]]
* [[Wikipedia:Fascism]] (note: 20th century fascism opposed capitalism and liberalism.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" />)
== Interactions with voting methods ==
Duncan Black proved that when the candidates distributed along a line and the voters prefer candidates closer to them, then there always exists a Condorcet winner and this candidate is closest to the median voter.<ref name="Black 1948 pp. 23–34">{{cite journal | last=Black | first=Duncan | title=On the Rationale of Group Decision-making | journal=Journal of Political Economy | publisher=University of Chicago Press | volume=56 | issue=1 | year=1948 | issn=00223808 | jstor=1825026 | pages=23–34 | url=https://us.corwin.com/sites/default/files/upm-binaries/24492_Dowding_Chapter_01.pdf | access-date=2022-03-21}}</ref> In that median voter sense, all Condorcet methods pick the optimal candidate.
However, other voting methods may be biased towards the center, like the [[Borda count]], or towards the edges of the spectrum, like [[Plurality voting]] and [[instant-runoff voting]]. A bias away from the center leads to [[center squeeze]] which can often be demonstrated by the [[Left, Center, Right|left, center, right]] election scenario.
== Links ==
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