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Political spectrum: Difference between revisions
Much more work on simplifying this
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==One-dimensional==
The simplest example of a political spectrum is the [[
==Two-dimensional==
[[File:Political Compass.jpg|thumb]]▼
There are many two-dimensional political spaces. The [[W:Nolan chart|Nolan chart]] and [[W:The Political Compass|Political Compass]] are two popular examples, which can be seen as rotated versions of each other. The [[W:Pournelle chart|Pournelle chart]] is another variation with a different set of axes.
=== Three Telos Model ===▼
▲[[File:Political Compass.jpg]]
== Higher dimensions ==▼
Political opinion can be divided into essentially any number of dimensions. Some other examples include the 3-dimensional [https://sapplyvalues.github.io Sapply Compass], the 4-dimensional [https://8values.github.io/ 8values] space, and the [https://9axes.github.io/ 9Axes] space. ▼
One study of German voters found that at least four dimensions were required to adequately represent all political parties.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|last1=Alós-Ferrer|first1=Carlos|last2=Granić|first2=Đura-Georg|date=2015-09-01|title=Political space representations with approval data|url=http://repub.eur.nl/pub/111247|journal=Electoral Studies|volume=39|pages=56–71|doi=10.1016/j.electstud.2015.04.003|quote=The analysis reveals that the underlying political landscapes ... are inherently multidimensional and cannot be reduced to a single left-right dimension, or even to a two-dimensional space. ... From this representation, lower-dimensional projections can be considered which help with the visualization of the political space as resulting from an aggregation of voters' preferences. ... Even though the method aims to obtain a representation with as few dimensions as possible, we still obtain representations with four dimensions or more.|hdl=1765/111247}}</ref>▼
There has been references to many other political compasses that are similar, orthogonal or even contradictive.▼
* https://www.reddit.com/r/Politicaltests/wiki/listoftests (archive [https://archive.md/wip/amTxo https://archive.md/amTxo])▼
* https://l-lists.com/en/lists/0isll4.html (archive https://archive.md/YATlp)▼
* https://www.reddit.com/r/PoliticalCompass/comments/flzinl/list_of_every_test_i_know_including_some_you/ (https://archive.md/MOS9q)▼
▲== Three Telos Model ==
{{Main|Three Telos Model}}
[[File:Politics_map_triangle1.png|alt=|thumb]]
The Three Telos Model or Triangle Political Map is
Each of the three colors (the "equality ''leftist''", the "freedom ''liberal"'' and the "tradition ''conservative''") have different criteria. The criteria are listed as:
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* Moral foundation<ref>Most people are sensitive to the fairness foundation</ref> (see [[Wikipedia:Moral foundations theory|Moral foundations theory]] on Wikipedia)
* Vision of nature <ref>[[W:A Conflict of Visions]]</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=Book sources|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0688069124|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2021-01-14}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Sowell|first=Thomas|url=https://openlibrary.org/books/OL2724504M/A_conflict_of_visions|title=A conflict of visions|date=1987|publisher=W. Morrow|isbn=978-0-688-06912-4|edition=1st ed.|location=New York}}</ref> <ref>https://casnocha.com/2009/10/tragic-vs-utopian-view-of-human-nature.html</ref>
[[File:TelosTriangle.png|alt=|thumb|As in the two dimensional maps like the political compass, the differing ideologies can be put onto this map.]]
▲== Higher dimensions ==
▲Political opinion can be divided into essentially any number of dimensions. Some other examples include the 3-dimensional [https://sapplyvalues.github.io Sapply Compass], the 4-dimensional [https://8values.github.io/ 8values] space, and the [https://9axes.github.io/ 9Axes] space.
▲One study of German voters found that at least four dimensions were required to adequately represent all political parties.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|last1=Alós-Ferrer|first1=Carlos|last2=Granić|first2=Đura-Georg|date=2015-09-01|title=Political space representations with approval data|url=http://repub.eur.nl/pub/111247|journal=Electoral Studies|volume=39|pages=56–71|doi=10.1016/j.electstud.2015.04.003|quote=The analysis reveals that the underlying political landscapes ... are inherently multidimensional and cannot be reduced to a single left-right dimension, or even to a two-dimensional space. ... From this representation, lower-dimensional projections can be considered which help with the visualization of the political space as resulting from an aggregation of voters' preferences. ... Even though the method aims to obtain a representation with as few dimensions as possible, we still obtain representations with four dimensions or more.|hdl=1765/111247}}</ref>
▲There has been references to many other political compasses that are similar, orthogonal or even contradictive.
▲* https://www.reddit.com/r/Politicaltests/wiki/listoftests (archive [https://archive.md/wip/amTxo https://archive.md/amTxo])
▲* https://l-lists.com/en/lists/0isll4.html (archive https://archive.md/YATlp)
▲* https://www.reddit.com/r/PoliticalCompass/comments/flzinl/list_of_every_test_i_know_including_some_you/ (https://archive.md/MOS9q)
== Nonlinear spaces ==
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Not all ways of classifying a political ideology need map to a cube or use the standard p-norm distances.
What is often called [[
Different political philosophers also argue that a good political ideology must also incorporate additional constraints. For instance, from the liberal economic position, Milton Friedman advocated for the necessity of putting one of two desired values ahead of the other by stating "A society that puts equality before freedom will get neither. A society that puts freedom before equality will get a high degree of both". From the economic collectivist position, anarchist Mikhail Bakunin argued that a good political ideology must have both significant amounts of freedom and equality, stating that "Freedom without socialism is privilege and injustice; socialism without freedom is slavery and brutality". These positions are not incompatible since both argue for the same result however the difference lies in what is controlled and what is expected to arise naturally.
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