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A quota is a number of votes (obtained by formula) often relevant to deciding who wins and how ballots are evaluated or modified in "[[proportional representation]]" voting methods]].
 
==The two main quotas that will be described here are the "[[W:Hare quota|]]" Hareand the "[[Droop quota]]==".
The Hare quota may be given as:
 
== Hare quota ==
:<math>\frac{\mbox{total} \; \mbox{votes}}{\mbox{total} \; \mbox{seats}}</math>
{{main|Hare quota}}
 
The "Hare quota" (also known as the "simple quota") is a formula used under some forms of the [[Single Transferable Vote]] (STV) system and the [[largest remainder method]] of [[party-list proportional representation]]. In these [[voting system]]s the quota is the minimum number of votes required for a party or candidate to capture a seat, and the Hare quota is the total number of votes divided by the number of seats.
Where:
 
The Hare quota is the simplest quota that can be used in elections held under the STV system. In an STV election a candidate who reaches the quota is elected while any votes a candidate receives above the quota are transferred to another candidate.
*<math>\text{total votes}</math> = the total valid poll; that is, the number of valid (unspoiled) votes cast in an election.
*<math>\text{total seats}</math> = the total number of seats to be filled in the election.
 
The Hare quota was devised by [[Thomas Hare]], one of the earliest supporters of STV. In 1868, [[Henry Richmond Droop]] (1831–1884) invented the [[Droop quota]] as an alternative to the Hare quota, and Droop is now widely used, the Hare quota today being rarely used with STV.
==[[W: Droop quota | Droop quota]]==▼
Sources differ as to the exact formula for the Droop quota. As used in the Republic of Ireland the formula is usually written:
 
▲==[[W: Droop quota | Droop quota]]==
<math >\left( \frac{\text{total valid poll}}{ \text{seats}+1 } \right) + 1</math>
{{main|Droop quota}}
The "Droop quota" is the quota most commonly used in elections held under the [[single transferable vote]] (STV) system. It is also sometimes used in elections held under the [[largest remainder method]] of [[party-list proportional representation]] (list PR). In an STV election the quota is the minimum number of votes a candidate must receive in order to be elected. Any votes a candidate receives above the quota are transferred to another candidate. The Droop quota was devised in 1868 by the English lawyer and mathematician [[Henry Richmond Droop]] (1831–1884) as a replacement for the earlier [[Hare quota]].
 
Today the Droop quota is used in almost all STV elections, including the forms of STV used in [[India]], the [[Republic of Ireland]], [[Northern Ireland]], [[Malta]] and [[Australia]], among other places. The Droop quota is very similar to the simpler "[[Hagenbach-Bischoff quota]]", which is also sometimes loosely referred to as the 'Droop quota'.
but more precisely
 
== References ==
<math >\operatorname{Integer} \left( \frac{\text{total valid poll}}{ \text{seats}+1 } \right) + 1</math>
<references/>
 
[[Category:Proportionality-related concepts]]
where:
[[Category:Quotas|*]]
 
* <math>\text{total valid poll}</math> = Total number of valid (unspoiled) votes cast in an election.
* <math>\text{seats}</math> = total number of seats to be filled in the election.
* <math>\operatorname{Integer}()</math> refers to the integer portion of the number, sometimes written as <math>\operatorname{floor}()</math>
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