Approval ballot: Difference between revisions
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(Copied contents of current "w:Approval ballot" article from English Wikipedia (this article: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Approval_ballot&oldid=1085372153 ), placing it on the bottom of this article. I'll clean this up momentarily.) |
(Adapted this article to electowiki) |
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{{wikipedia|Approval ballot}} |
{{wikipedia|Approval ballot}} |
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[[File:Approval_ballot.svg|right|thumb|On an approval ballot, the voter can select any number of candidates.]] |
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An '''approval ballot''' |
An '''approval ballot'''<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Duddy|first=Conal|date=2014-07-01|title=Electing a representative committee by approval ballot: An impossibility result|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165176514001372|journal=Economics Letters|language=en|volume=124|issue=1|pages=14–16|doi=10.1016/j.econlet.2014.04.009|issn=0165-1765}}</ref> is a [[ballot]] in which a voter may mark their ballots for any number of candidates simultaneously, rather than for only choosing one candidate. With an approval ballot, for each race, the voter is given a list of candidates to approve and decides whether to approve the candidate or disapprove of the candidate. Usually disapproval is indicated by letting the voter place a mark next to the names of candidates they approve, and assuming that unmarked candidates are disapproved.<ref>Note that this article was derived from the article of the same name on English Wikipedia on August 16, 2022: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Approval_ballot&oldid=1085372153 </ref> |
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Candidates that are selected in a voter's ballot are said to be ''approved'' by the voter; the other candidates are said to be ''disapproved'' or ''rejected''. Approval ballots do not let the voters specify a preference-order among the candidates they approve; hence this ballot is sometimes called an '''unordered ballot''' (in contrast to [[Ballot|other ballot types]]).<ref name=":0">{{cite arXiv|last=Janson|first=Svante|date=2018-10-12|title=Phragmen's and Thiele's election methods|class=math.HO|eprint=1611.08826}}</ref> |
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<blockquote>Alicia☑ Brandon☐ Charlie☐ David☐ Eileen☑</blockquote> |
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Approval ballots are used by [[approval voting]], [[explicit approval voting]], [[proportional approval voting]], and [[combined approval voting]], among other systems. |
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== References == |
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[[Category:Approval voting]] |
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[[Category:Ballot types]] |
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An '''approval ballot,'''<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Duddy|first=Conal|date=2014-07-01|title=Electing a representative committee by approval ballot: An impossibility result|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165176514001372|journal=Economics Letters|language=en|volume=124|issue=1|pages=14–16|doi=10.1016/j.econlet.2014.04.009|issn=0165-1765}}</ref> also called an '''unordered ballot''',<ref name=":0">{{cite arXiv|last=Janson|first=Svante|date=2018-10-12|title=Phragmen's and Thiele's election methods|class=math.HO|eprint=1611.08826}}</ref> is a [[ballot]] in which a voter may vote for any number of candidates simultaneously, rather than for just one candidate. Candidates that are selected in a voter's ballot are said to be ''approved'' by the voter; the other candidates are said to be ''disapproved'' or ''rejected''. Approval ballots do not let the voters specify a preference-order among the candidates they approve; hence the name ''unordered''. This is in contrast to [[ranked ballots]], which are ordered. There are several [[electoral system]]s that use approval balloting; they differ in the way in which the election outcome is determined: |
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== Description == |
== Description == |
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[[File:Approval_ballot.svg|right|thumb|On an approval ballot, the voter can select any number of candidates.]] |
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Approval voting ballots show a list of the candidates running for that seat for each office being contested. Next to each name is a checkbox (or another similar way to mark "Yes" or "No" for that candidate). |
Approval voting ballots show a list of the candidates running for that seat for each office being contested. Next to each name is a checkbox (or another similar way to mark "Yes" or "No" for that candidate). |
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Each ballot separates candidates into two groups: those supported and those that are not. Each candidate approved is considered preferred to any candidate not approved, while the voter's preferences among approved candidates is unspecified, and likewise, the voter's preferences among unapproved candidates is also unspecified. |
Each ballot separates candidates into two groups: those supported and those that are not. Each candidate approved is considered preferred to any candidate not approved, while the voter's preferences among approved candidates is unspecified, and likewise, the voter's preferences among unapproved candidates is also unspecified. |
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In typical approval elections, voters may express support for multiple candidates. For example, if Alicia, Brandon, Charlie, David, and Eileen are running against each other, a voter may express support for Alicia and Eileen with the following ballot. <blockquote>Alicia☑ Brandon☐ Charlie☐ David☐ Eileen☑</blockquote> |
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== Usage == |
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There are several [[electoral system]]s that use approval balloting; they differ in the way in which the election outcome is determined: |
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== Ballot types == |
== Ballot types == |
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Approval ballots can be of at least four semi-distinct forms. The simplest form is a blank ballot on which voters hand-write the names of the candidates they support. A more structured ballot lists all candidates, and voters mark each candidate they support. A more explicit structured ballot can list the candidates and provide two choices by each. (Candidate list ballots can include spaces for write-in candidates as well.) |
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⚫ | All four ballots are theoretically equivalent. The more structured ballots may aid voters in offering clear votes so they explicitly know all their choices. The Yes/No format can help to detect an "undervote" when a candidate is left unmarked and allow the voter a second chance to confirm the ballot markings are correct. The "single bubble" format is incapable of producing invalid ballots (which might otherwise be rejected in counting). |
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⚫ | All four ballots are theoretically equivalent. The more structured ballots may aid voters in offering clear votes so they explicitly know all their choices. The Yes/No format can help to detect an "undervote" when a candidate is left unmarked and allow the voter a second chance to confirm the ballot markings are correct. The "single bubble" format is incapable of producing invalid ballots (which might otherwise be rejected in counting). |
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== References == |
== References == |
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{{Reflist}} |
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[[Category:Approval voting |
[[Category:Approval voting]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Ballot types]] |