Single-member district: Difference between revisions

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{{Wikipedia}}
{{Wikipedia}}
A '''single-member district''' or '''single-member constituency''' is an [[electoral district]] that returns one officeholder to a body with multiple members such as a [[legislature]]. This is also sometimes called '''single-winner voting''' or '''winner takes all'''. The alternatives are [[multi-member district]]s, or the election of a body by the whole electorate voting as one constituency.
A '''single-member district''' or '''single-member constituency''' is an [[w:electoral district|electoral district]] that returns one officeholder to a body with multiple members such as a [[w:legislature|legislature]]. This is also sometimes called '''single-winner voting''' or '''winner takes all'''. The alternatives are [[w:multi-member district|multi-member district]]s, or the election of a body by the whole electorate voting as one constituency.


Single Member systems, also called Single Winner systems, elect a single winner. These can be combined into many single member systems run independently in districts to form a [[Regional System]].
Many single member systems can be run independently in districts to form a [[Regional System]]. The systems:
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* [[Plurality voting]]: A valid vote can choose only one candidate

* [[Approval voting]]: A valid vote can only give a yes or nothing to a given candidate.
They can be classified by ballot type:
⚫
* [[Ordinal voting]]: A valid vote can rank candidates 1,2,3... (Tied rankings are permitted in some methods but not others)

* [[Plurality Voting]]: A valid vote can choose only one candidate
* [[Cardinal voting]]: voting A valid vote allows independent numerical values to be associated with each candidate. (The set of valid values is limited.)
⚫
* [[Approval Voting]]: A valid vote can only give a yes or nothing to a given candidate.
⚫
* [[Ordinal Voting]]: A valid vote can rank candidates 1,2,3... (Tied rankings are permitted in some methods but not others)
* [[Cardinal Voting]]: voting A valid vote allows independent numerical values to be associated with each candidate. (The set of valid values is limited.)


=Classification=
=Classification=
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They can be sub-classified by different ways to aggregate the ballots.
They can be sub-classified by different ways to aggregate the ballots.


==[[Plurality Voting]]==
==[[Plurality voting]]==


There is only one way to combine plurality votes.
There is only one way to combine plurality votes.


==[[Approval Voting]] and [[Cardinal Voting]]==
==[[Approval voting]] and [[Cardinal voting]]==


Since Approval is the degenerate case of Cardinal Ballots they have the same A sum would give the [[Utilitarian_winner]] while a median would give the majoritarian winner.
Since Approval is the degenerate case of Cardinal Ballots they have the same A sum would give the [[Utilitarian_winner]] while a median would give the majoritarian winner.


==[[Ordinal Voting]]==
==[[Ordinal voting]]==


[[Borda count]] and [[Instant-runoff voting]] are common aggregation methods
[[Borda count]] and [[Instant-runoff voting]] are common aggregation methods




==Popular [[Single Member systems]]==
==Popular Single Member systems==


* [[Plurality Voting]]: A valid vote can choose only one candidate
* [[Plurality Voting]]: A valid vote can choose only one candidate
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