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Based on a [[ratings ballot]], '''IRNR''' seeks to give every voter equal power and encourage honest ratings.
'''Instant Runoff Normalized Ratings''', or '''IRNR''' is a method devised by Brian Olson.<ref>{{cite web | title=Election Methods Defined | website=bolson.org | url=https://bolson.org/voting/methods.html#IRNR | ref={{sfnref | bolson.org}} | access-date=2021-12-18}}</ref> Based on a [[ratings ballot]], the method seeks to give every voter equal power and encourage honest ratings.


The first step is normalizing, which can happen in two ways:
The first step is normalizing, which acts to equalize the effect of a ballot. Some ways of doing this are:


* Divide each rating by the sum of the absolute values of the ratings. The sum of absolute values of the ratings will then be 1.
* Divide each rating by the sum of the absolute values of the ratings. The sum of absolute values of the ratings will then be 1.
** This shall be called '''IRNR[1]''' since the normalization factor is the L1 norm.
** This is called '''IRNR[1]''' since the normalization factor is the L1 norm.


* Divide each rating by the square root of the sum of the squared ratings. The vote will then be a vector with magnitude 1.
* Divide each rating by the square root of the sum of the squared ratings. The vote will then be a vector with magnitude 1.
** This shall be called '''IRNR[2]''' since the normalization factor is the L2 norm.
** This is called '''IRNR[2]''' since the normalization factor is the L2 norm.


* One could more generally consider '''IRNR[p]''', based on the Lp norm, for any fixed real p with <math>1 \le p \le \infty</math>. (To avoid difficulties with dividing by 0, we agree to ignore votes that rank all candidates 0.)
* One could more generally consider '''IRNR[p]''', based on the Lp norm, for any fixed real p with <math>1 \le p \le \infty</math>. (To avoid difficulties with dividing by 0, we agree to ignore votes that rank all candidates 0.)
⚫
Sum up the normalized ratings for each candidate. If there are two choices, the highest rated is the winner. If there are more than two choices, disqualify the lowest rated choice.


Formula for '''IRNR[n]''' normalization:
⚫
The process repeats with a normalization step that ignores disqualified choices. A voter's voting power is thus redistributed among the remaining choices.
<math>{C_{new}} =\frac{C_{old}}{\sqrt[n]{\sum \left(\bigl| C_{i}\bigr|^{n}\right)}}</math>
<math>{C_{old}}</math> = rating of candidate C in the vote, before the normalization.
<math>{C_{new}}</math> = rating of C, after the normalization.
<math>{C_{i}}</math> = ratings of each candidate in the vote, before the normalization.


⚫
The second step consists of summing up the normalized ratings for each candidate. If there are two choices, the highest rated is the winner. If there are more than two choices, the lowest rated choice is disqualified.
If it were not for the "runoff," then generally the best strategy in IRNR[p] is simply to (strategically) plurality-vote, i.e. giving all candidates except one a rating of zero. This is true whenever there are two "frontrunner" candidates judged to be far more likely to win than the others and p is finite (then vote for the best among these two), and its truth is unaffected by the runoff by induction on rounds.


⚫
The process repeats with a normalization step that ignores disqualified choices. A voter's voting power is thus redistributed among the remaining choices.
If p is infinite, IRNR without the runoff would just become equivalent to [[range voting]] in the range [-1, 1] with an extra rule demanding that the best- or worst-rated candidate must have a rating with absolute value 1. The best strategy is then the same as for [[approval voting]] and again this statement's validity is unaffected by adding the runoff.


== Notes ==
== Notes ==
It is possible to normalize by first observing the highest score the voter gave to any candidate, and pretending that is the maximum allowed score when interacting with that voter's ballot. In other words, a voter who gave their favorite a 3 out of 5 could have their ballot normalized such that the highest score they give to any candidate in any round of IRNR would be a max of 3 out of 5.
It is possible to normalize by first observing the highest score the voter gave to any candidate, and pretending that is the maximum allowed score when interacting with that voter's ballot. In other words, a voter who gave their favorite a 3 out of 5 could have their ballot normalized such that the highest score they give to any candidate in any round of IRNR would be a max of 3 out of 5.


==Related Systems ==
==Related systems==
* [[Distributed Voting]] (specific variant, based on L1 norm)
* [[Distributed Voting]] (specific variant, based on L1 norm)


== External link ==
== External links ==

* [http://bolson.org/voting/vote_util/org/bolson/vote/IRNR.java Java code that implements IRNR]
* [http://bolson.org/voting/vote_util/org/bolson/vote/IRNR.java Java code that implements IRNR]
*[http://bolson.org/voting/IRNR_explaination.pdf Instant Runoff Normalized Ratings: an Election Method by Brian Olson]
*[http://bolson.org/voting/IRNR_explaination.pdf Instant Runoff Normalized Ratings: an Election Method by Brian Olson]

==References==
<references/>



[[Category:Single-winner voting methods]]
[[Category:Single-winner voting methods]]

Latest revision as of 16:27, 17 March 2024

Instant Runoff Normalized Ratings, or IRNR is a method devised by Brian Olson.[1] Based on a ratings ballot, the method seeks to give every voter equal power and encourage honest ratings.

The first step is normalizing, which acts to equalize the effect of a ballot. Some ways of doing this are:

  • Divide each rating by the sum of the absolute values of the ratings. The sum of absolute values of the ratings will then be 1.
    • This is called IRNR[1] since the normalization factor is the L1 norm.
  • Divide each rating by the square root of the sum of the squared ratings. The vote will then be a vector with magnitude 1.
    • This is called IRNR[2] since the normalization factor is the L2 norm.
  • One could more generally consider IRNR[p], based on the Lp norm, for any fixed real p with . (To avoid difficulties with dividing by 0, we agree to ignore votes that rank all candidates 0.)

Formula for IRNR[n] normalization: 


 = rating of candidate C in the vote, before the normalization.
 = rating of C, after the normalization.
 = ratings of each candidate in the vote, before the normalization.

The second step consists of summing up the normalized ratings for each candidate. If there are two choices, the highest rated is the winner. If there are more than two choices, the lowest rated choice is disqualified.

The process repeats with a normalization step that ignores disqualified choices. A voter's voting power is thus redistributed among the remaining choices.

Notes

It is possible to normalize by first observing the highest score the voter gave to any candidate, and pretending that is the maximum allowed score when interacting with that voter's ballot. In other words, a voter who gave their favorite a 3 out of 5 could have their ballot normalized such that the highest score they give to any candidate in any round of IRNR would be a max of 3 out of 5.

Related systems

External links

References

  1. ↑ "Election Methods Defined". bolson.org. Retrieved 2021-12-18.
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