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Approval voting: Difference between revisions

Some copyediting of the #Usage and #Procedures sections
(Started creating a #Usage section from text from the intro, and linked to Fargo, North Dakota and St. Louis, Missouri.)
(Some copyediting of the #Usage and #Procedures sections)
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==Usage==
Approval voting is used in many places over the years, and has seen some interest in the [[United States]] for municipal elections. Proposals to implement approval voting paased referendums in the following locations:
Proposals to implement approval voting for municipal elections in the United States, were approved in referendums in Fargo, North Dakota, in 2018, and St. Louis, Missouri, in 2020. Fargo used approval voting in June 2020 to elect two at-large seats on its city council,<ref name="Ballotpedia Fargo">[https://ballotpedia.org/Fargo,_North_Dakota,_Measure_1,_Approval_Voting_Initiative_(November_2018) Fargo, North Dakota, Measure 1, Approval Voting Initiative (November 2018)], November 7, 2018 ''[[Ballotpedia]]''</ref><ref name="Fargo approves">[https://ivn.us/2018/11/06/one-americas-famous-towns-becomes-first-nation-adopt-approval-voting/ One of America’s Most Famous Towns Becomes First in the Nation to Adopt Approval Voting] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181107185459/https://ivn.us/2018/11/06/one-americas-famous-towns-becomes-first-nation-adopt-approval-voting/|date=2018-11-07}}, accessed November 7, 2018</ref><ref name="Fargo votes">{{cite web |url=https://www.publicnewsservice.org/2020-06-10/civic-engagement/fargo-becomes-first-u-s-city-to-try-approval-voting/a70495-1 |title=Fargo Becomes First U.S. City to Try Approval Voting |last=Moen |first=Mike |date=June 10, 2020 |work=Public News Service |access-date=December 3, 2020 }}</ref><ref name="St. Louis approves">{{cite web|last=|first=|date=November 4, 2020|title=St. Louis Voters Approve Nonpartisan Elections|url=https://www.usnews.com/news/best-states/missouri/articles/2020-11-04/st-louis-voters-approve-nonpartisan-elections|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=December 3, 2020|work=US News and World Report}}</ref> and St. Louis used it to advance two candidates in March 2021 in the nonpartisan election mayor and aldermen.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Rakich|first=Nathaniel|date=2021-03-01|title=In St. Louis, Voters Will Get To Vote For As Many Candidates As They Want|url=https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/in-st-louis-voters-will-get-to-vote-for-as-many-candidates-as-they-want/|access-date=2021-03-04|website=FiveThirtyEight|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=March 2, 2021 Non-Partisan Primary Municipal Election|url=https://www.stlouis-mo.gov/government/departments/board-election-commissioners/elections/election.cfm?customel_datapageid_524494=852866|url-status=live|access-date=2021-03-04|website=City of St. Louis Board of Election Commissioners|language=en}}</ref> See [[W:2021 St. Louis mayoral election|2021 St. Louis mayoral election]] on [[English Wikipedia]] to learn more about that election.
 
Proposals* to implement approval voting for municipal elections in the United States[[Fargo, were approved in referendums inNorth Dakota|'''Fargo, North Dakota,''']] in(as of 2018,) and St. Louis, Missouri, in 2020. Fargo used approval voting in June 2020 to elect two at-large seats on its city council,<ref name="Ballotpedia Fargo">[https://ballotpedia.org/Fargo,_North_Dakota,_Measure_1,_Approval_Voting_Initiative_(November_2018) Fargo, North Dakota, Measure 1, Approval Voting Initiative (November 2018)], November 7, 2018 ''[[Ballotpedia]]''</ref><ref name="Fargo approves">[https://ivn.us/2018/11/06/one-americas-famous-towns-becomes-first-nation-adopt-approval-voting/ One of America’s Most Famous Towns Becomes First in the Nation to Adopt Approval Voting] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181107185459/https://ivn.us/2018/11/06/one-americas-famous-towns-becomes-first-nation-adopt-approval-voting/|date=2018-11-07}}, accessed November 7, 2018</ref><ref name="Fargo votes">{{cite web |url=https://www.publicnewsservice.org/2020-06-10/civic-engagement/fargo-becomes-first-u-s-city-to-try-approval-voting/a70495-1 |title=Fargo Becomes First U.S. City to Try Approval Voting |last=Moen |first=Mike |date=June 10, 2020 |work=Public News Service |access-date=December 3, 2020 }}</ref><ref name="St. Louis approves">{{cite web|last=|first=|date=November 4, 2020|title=St. Louis Voters Approve Nonpartisan Elections|url=https://www.usnews.com/news/best-states/missouri/articles/2020-11-04/st-louis-voters-approve-nonpartisan-elections|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=December 3, 2020|work=US News and World Report}}</ref> and St. Louis used it to advance two candidates in March 2021 in the nonpartisan election mayor and aldermen.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Rakich|first=Nathaniel|date=2021-03-01|title=In St. Louis, Voters Will Get To Vote For As Many Candidates As They Want|url=https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/in-st-louis-voters-will-get-to-vote-for-as-many-candidates-as-they-want/|access-date=2021-03-04|website=FiveThirtyEight|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=March 2, 2021 Non-Partisan Primary Municipal Election|url=https://www.stlouis-mo.gov/government/departments/board-election-commissioners/elections/election.cfm?customel_datapageid_524494=852866|url-status=live|access-date=2021-03-04|website=City of St. Louis Board of Election Commissioners|language=en}}</ref> See [[W:2021 St. Louis mayoral election|2021 St. Louis mayoral election]] on [[English Wikipedia]] to learn more about that election.
 
* [[St. Louis, Missouri|'''St. Louis, Missouri''']] (as of 2020) — St. Louis used it to advance two candidates in March 2021 in the nonpartisan election mayor and aldermen.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Rakich|first=Nathaniel|date=2021-03-01|title=In St. Louis, Voters Will Get To Vote For As Many Candidates As They Want|url=https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/in-st-louis-voters-will-get-to-vote-for-as-many-candidates-as-they-want/|access-date=2021-03-04|website=FiveThirtyEight|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=March 2, 2021 Non-Partisan Primary Municipal Election|url=https://www.stlouis-mo.gov/government/departments/board-election-commissioners/elections/election.cfm?customel_datapageid_524494=852866|url-status=live|access-date=2021-03-04|website=City of St. Louis Board of Election Commissioners|language=en}}</ref> See [[W:2021 St. Louis mayoral election|2021 St. Louis mayoral election]] on [[English Wikipedia]] to learn more about that election.
 
Usage in other municipalities is being promoted.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-11-17|title=The New Frontier: Seattle Approves Launches a Ballot Initiative Campaign|url=https://electionscience.org/ces-updates/the-new-frontier-seattle-approves-launches-a-ballot-initiative-campaign/|access-date=2021-12-13|website=The Center for Election Science|language=en-US}}</ref>
 
==Procedures==
InUnder thisapproval systemvoting, voterseach voter in the electorate may vote for as many or as few candidates as the voter chooses. ItEach isvoter typicallymay usedvote for single-winneras many options as they electionswish (but canat bemost extendedonce ''per option''). This is equivalent to multiplesaying winners.that each Approvalvoter votingmay is"approve" aor limited"disapprove" formeach ofoption [[rangeby voting]], whereor thenot rangevoting thatfor votersit The votes for each option are allowedtallied, toand expressthe isoption extremelywith constrained:the acceptmost orapproval notmarks wins the election.
 
Approval voting is typically used for single-winner elections but can be extended to multiple winners. The system is sometimes described as a limited form of [[score voting]], where the score that voters are allowed to express is extremely constrained: "''acceptable''" (with one point awarded to the candidate) or "not acceptable" (with no points awarded).
Each voter may vote for as many options as they wish, at most once per option. This is equivalent to saying that each voter may "approve" or "disapprove" each option by voting or not voting for it, and it's also equivalent to voting +1 or 0 in a range voting system. The votes for each option are tallied. The option with the most votes wins.
 
==Example==
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